{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:12:25Z","timestamp":1792807945965,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> intravenous (IV) drugs are administered widely and under-dosing can result in therapy failure. The aim of this study was to quantify frequency, volume and dose of drug discarded within administration sets in the clinical setting. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> residual volume for 24 different administration sets was measured under controlled conditions in a laboratory. Clinical assessment of current practice regarding post-infusion flushing occurred in 6 departments of one teaching hospital in the UK over 7 days. Details of drug last infused, (concentration, diluent and volume) and type and brand of administration set were collected. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> 74% of administration sets were not flushed. Non-flushing exceeded 90% and 61% for gravity and pump infusions respectively (p&lt;0.001) in all areas excluding oncology. Oncology was the only area where flushing was standard practice for all infusions (p&lt;0.001). Mean residual volume of the administration sets was 13.1 ml and 16.7 ml for gravity and pump sets respectively. Antibiotics were commonly infused and up to 21% of antibiotic dose was frequently discarded. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p> the findings suggest disposal of substantial volumes of drugs occurs frequently in general hospital areas. Without clear national and local policies this unrecognised under-dosing will continue. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2018.27.14.s4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T17:14:19Z","timestamp":1532625259000},"page":"S4-S12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Non-flushing of IV administration sets: an under-recognised under-dosing risk"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dawn Michelle","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Visiting Research Fellow, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rassam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Student, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Mellor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Anaesthetist, South Tees NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, and Visiting Professor, Carnegie Research Institute, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5130","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/hpj4409-751"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Dougherty L, Lister S, eds. Chapter 12. Medicines management, 12.25: medication: intermittent infusion of intravenous drugs. In: The Royal Marsden manual of clinical nursing procedures. 9th edn. 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