{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T18:46:07Z","timestamp":1786387567537,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The term \u2018shock\u2019 is used to describe a complex, life-threatening clinical condition that arises from acute circulatory failure. Shock is a pathological state that results when the circulation is unable to deliver sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the cells and tissues. The resulting hypoxia, tissue hypoperfusion and cellular dysfunction can lead to multi-organ failure; if this is not treated in a timely and appropriate manner, it can lead to death. This article gives an introduction to shock with an overview of the condition and its physiological impact on patients. Focusing on the aetiology and underlying causes, discussion will highlight the different types, stages and general pathophysiology of shock, as well as providing a guide to treatment options and nursing interventions. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2022.31.8.422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T17:08:51Z","timestamp":1650388131000},"page":"422-428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Shock: aetiology, pathophysiology and management"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Blumlein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Nurse Lecturer in Adult Nursing, University of West London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Staff Nurse in Post Anaesthetic Care, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5130","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-015-0550-4","volume":"17","author":"Carmichael CY","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3525-z","volume":"40","author":"Cecconi M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30164-4","volume":"4","author":"Dallan C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Acute nursing care: recognising and responding to medical emergencies","author":"Dutton H","year":"2021","edition":"2"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"Dutton H, Finch J. Acute and critical care nursing at a glance. Wiley-Blackwell: Chichester; 2018"},{"issue":"10","key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2020.29.10.557","volume":"29","author":"Hill B","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"96","volume-title":"Fundamentals of applied pathphysiology","author":"Migliozzi J.","year":"2017","edition":"3"},{"issue":"40","key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6940e1","volume":"69","author":"Morris SB","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.12968\/bjnn.2017.13.3.126","volume":"13","author":"Moruzzi M","year":"2017","journal-title":"British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209729","volume":"72","author":"O'Driscoll BR","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B17","unstructured":"Richards A, Edwards S. Essential pathophysiology for nursing and healthcare students. Maidenhead: McGraw Hill\/Open University Press; 2014"},{"issue":"10237","key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31094-1","volume":"395","author":"Riphagen S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2018.27.8.449","volume":"27","author":"Silva J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-021-00806-8","volume":"11","author":"Scheeren TWL","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"Tait D. The patient in shock. In: Tait D, James J, Williams C, Barton D. Acute and critical care in adult nursing. 3rd edn. London: Sage; 2022:122\u2013146"},{"issue":"5","key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1828","volume":"22","author":"Tavazzi G","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B28","unstructured":"Urden LD, Stacy KM, Lough ME. Critical care nursing: diagnosis and management. 9th edn. Maryland Heights, Los Angeles (CA): Elsevier; 2021"},{"issue":"18","key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208943","volume":"369","author":"Vincent JL","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B30","unstructured":"Waugh A, Grant A. Ross and Wilson: anatomy and physiology in health and illness. 13th edn. London: Churchill Livingstone\/Elsevier; 2018"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.12968\/bjon.2022.31.8.422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T17:10:04Z","timestamp":1650388204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/10.12968\/bjon.2022.31.8.422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12968\/bjon.2022.31.8.422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjon.2022.31.8.422","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-0461","2052-2819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-0461","type":"print"},{"value":"2052-2819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]}}}