{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:54:06Z","timestamp":1769158446024,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This study aimed to determine the incidence of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC)-induced phlebitis and its predictors among adult patients hospitalized at Dow University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A sample of 258 adult patients admitted in the selected wards and planned for peripheral intravenous catheter insertion were recruited through consecutive sampling during March to May 2019. Daily follow-ups were performed to observe signs of phlebitis using a validated tool. The cohort was followed until discharge, removal of peripheral intravenous catheter, or study conclusion. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Of 258 patients studied, 139 (53.9%) were females. A significant number of the participants 104 (40.3%) were young adults of age 20\u201340 years. The incidence of phlebitis was 39.1%. Tuberculosis (TB), peripheral intravenous catheter dwell time before initial assessment, administration of IV fluids, and dissatisfactory nursing care at Day 1 were associated significantly with the development of phlebitis. There was a doseresponse relationship between the catheter dwell time in hours before initial assessment and the development of phlebitis. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This study found an increased incidence (39.1%) in three months of PIVC-induced phlebitis among adult patients. In addition to patient-related and PIVC-related risk factors considered in this study, PIVC-induced phlebitis is found to be significantly associated with the level of PIVC care provided by nurses. Continuous nursing education, developing standard care plans for PIVCs, and proper documentation of care are recommended. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2024.0235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T10:37:52Z","timestamp":1721299072000},"page":"S30-SIV","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Peripheral intravenous catheter-induced phlebitis in a tertiary hospital of Karachi: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Yaqoob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; Program Director for Post-Graduate Nursing Programs, Dow Institute of Nursing & Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarfraz","family":"Masih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdur","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousaf","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadeem","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faraz","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasheed Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Sindh Government Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indus College of Nursing and Midwifery, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City Institute of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rubina","family":"Qasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5130","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S74685"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2006.01403.x"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2389"},{"issue":"3","key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000137","volume":"40","author":"Ansel B","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Infusion Nursing: The Official Publication of the Infusion Nurses Society"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-017-0965-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"B6","first-page":"38","volume":"2","author":"Bherulal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lahore Medical Research Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.54393\/pjhs.v4i04.704","volume":"4","author":"Bibi A","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1518-8345.2377.3002"},{"issue":"11","key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.12707\/RIV16048","volume":"4","author":"Braga L. 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