{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T05:02:39Z","timestamp":1784350959893,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This investigation evaluated if skin sterility is maintained following application of Gebauer's Ethyl Chloride<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> vapocoolant spray. In this prospective, blinded, controlled study, the medial forearm (site of arterial line placement) and lower back (site of epidural placement) were swabbed before and after sterilisation and treatment with vapocoolant. Data were collected from 72 participants. There was no difference in microbial abundance between samples obtained from the wrist with ChloraPrep\u2122 versus ChloraPrep + Gebauer's Ethyl Chloride (P&gt;0.99), or in positive cultures (P=0.317). On the lower back, there was no difference in microbial abundance following ChloraPrep versus ChloraPrep + Gebauer's Ethyl Chloride (P=0.317), or in positive cultures (P=0.317). Supply chain shortages of lidocaine have prompted consideration of alternative local anaesthetics. These findings support use of Gebauer's Ethyl Chloride as an alternative to lidocaine for minimally invasive procedures such as placement of arterial lines and epidurals. Further investigation is necessary to explore the safety of vapocoolants in more invasive procedures. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2025.0184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T10:38:29Z","timestamp":1753094309000},"page":"S4-S8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microbial safety of vapocoolant spray on sites for arterial line and epidural placement"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Nowak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Vander","family":"Woude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MD Candidate, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Fayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Anesthesiology Fellow, Montefiore Health Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistician, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ami","family":"Attali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staff Anesthesiologist, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5130","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2309\/JAVA-D-23-00023"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.03.010"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"FDA. 501(k) approval notification for Gebauer's Ethyl Chloride (fine and medium nozzles). 501(k) premarket notification number k991514. US FDA; 1999."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.169049"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Lehmann JF. Therapeutic heat and cold. 4th edn. Williams & Wilkins; 1990. ISBN: 9780683049084"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-015-0509-5"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00229"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DSS.0000452654.29636.56"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.12968\/bjon.2025.0184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T10:38:36Z","timestamp":1753094316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/10.12968\/bjon.2025.0184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12968\/bjon.2025.0184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjon.2025.0184","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-0461","2052-2819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-0461","type":"print"},{"value":"2052-2819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]}}}