{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:41:59Z","timestamp":1788183719867,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Hosp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Among proposed mechanisms to explain digital clubbing, the release of cytokines, specifically vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor, from aggregated platelets and megakaryocytes has emerged as the most likely explanation. This review describes these and other contributory processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2016.77.7.403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T19:26:06Z","timestamp":1467919566000},"page":"403-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Digital clubbing: forms, associations and pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Dubrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Cardiologist in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex UB8 3NN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrestha","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FY1 in General Internal Medicine in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarneet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CT2 in Cardiology in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Karagiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Cardiologist in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh720"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1565"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.146"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"3","volume":"10","author":"Carcassi U","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2005.00533.x"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90305-0"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.131233"},{"issue":"1","key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.32677\/IJCH.2014.v01.i01.005","volume":"1","author":"Das DK","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Child Health"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050320093010b"},{"issue":"5","key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2002.295","volume":"22","author":"Erkan ML","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199401000-00001"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020746"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90452-U"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2013.74.Sup11.C170"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.45.7.545"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1980.01640260081021"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.137507"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117258"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1996.2260560.x"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.36.44"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"73","volume":"10","author":"Jajic I","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheum"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0252"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181fc76a9"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.5.735"},{"issue":"4","key":"B25","first-page":"639","volume":"117","author":"Lemen RJ","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.11.004"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078252"},{"issue":"5","key":"B28","first-page":"765","volume":"19","author":"Matucci-Cerinic M","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.2.663"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2012007745","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-007745","author":"Nayak HK","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340220177029"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950100106"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.50829"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2014.21.2.151"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2009.01.007"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000163"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.102824"},{"issue":"1","key":"B39","first-page":"57","volume":"18","author":"Silveira LH","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.01.006"},{"issue":"4","key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C853","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.278.4.C853","volume":"278","author":"Steinbrech DS","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.061234"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.07.009"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.153"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Hospital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.12968\/hmed.2016.77.7.403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T10:05:58Z","timestamp":1770372358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/BJHM\/77\/7\/10.12968\/hmed.2016.77.7.403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12968\/hmed.2016.77.7.403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/hmed.2016.77.7.403","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-8460","1759-7390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-8460","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]]}}}