{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:25:15Z","timestamp":1779931515122,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Hosp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare demyelinating disorder of the CNS, caused by John Cunningham virus, that occurs in those with impaired immune systems. Existing treatment options are ineffective or unproven. This article reviews research into novel therapies: immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), allogenic BK virus-specific T cell treatment and filgrastim. Results for these therapies in small clinical trials are promising, but further research is required to assess efficacy fully.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2020.0093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T09:27:44Z","timestamp":1596014864000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel treatments for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Karina M","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.825"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz374"},{"issue":"6","key":"B3","first-page":"8938","author":"Bennett KM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2fa1"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0289-8"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1815039"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0316-4"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15501"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"3","volume":"12","author":"Focosi D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Translation Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P1.338","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.86.16_supplement.P1.338","volume":"86","author":"Harel A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000358"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-019-00738-x"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000391"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1904140"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000628"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8217-x"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30040-1"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2408.180460"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-010-0138-y"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2511.190705"},{"issue":"2","key":"B22","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Miskin DP","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801540"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285615602832"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000627"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1817193"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.776"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004359"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31825a313c"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.73.0655"},{"issue":"6","key":"B32","first-page":"1","volume":"188","author":"Uzunov M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1816198"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.112"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Hospital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.12968\/hmed.2020.0093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T10:02:57Z","timestamp":1770372177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/BJHM\/81\/7\/10.12968\/hmed.2020.0093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12968\/hmed.2020.0093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/hmed.2020.0093","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-8460","1759-7390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-8460","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]}}}