{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T02:53:41Z","timestamp":1778122421569,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Hosp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Incontinence is a problem that can affect individuals of all ages. However, it is more frequently seen in older adults. It is a common geriatric syndrome, and its investigation should form part of a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Continence problems are usually ignored by patients and not reported to a medical professional, but with simple assessment and even simpler interventions, a significant improvement can be made for those living with incontinence. Most cases need a simple clinical assessment consisting of a good history and basic examination covering the abdomen, external genitalia and rectum. If no reversible causes are found, further investigations can be considered. The treatment for incontinence can be split into non-surgical and surgical management. Simple conservative measures, such as education around fluid intake, weight loss, managing constipation and pelvic floor exercises, can make a huge and positive impact on managing incontinence. If these are not effective, pharmaceutical therapies and surgical management can be considered, but there needs to be a careful consideration of the risk vs benefit in frail older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2020.0518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T03:43:55Z","timestamp":1617680635000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Urinary incontinence in older adults: what you need to know"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Krishma","family":"Kataria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Ilsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16242","reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Basics and evaluation","volume":"1","author":"Abrams P","year":"2005"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"11","volume":"8","author":"Bang S","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Rep Urol."},{"issue":"3","key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4103\/jmh.JMH_62_17","volume":"8","author":"Biswas B","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Mid-Life Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2009.11.078","volume":"76","author":"Buckley BS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urology."},{"issue":"4","key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.07.002","volume":"31","author":"Cortes-Penfield NW","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"B8","first-page":"345","volume":"37","author":"DeMaagd GA","year":"2012","journal-title":"PT."},{"issue":"1","key":"B9","first-page":"48","volume":"38","author":"Elsawy B","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician."},{"issue":"6","key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18834","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018834","volume":"99","author":"Hagovska M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"issue":"1","key":"B11","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"Health Quality Ontario","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ont Health Technol Assess Ser."},{"issue":"10","key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-04022-8","volume":"30","author":"Hsu FC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J."},{"issue":"8","key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03511.x","volume":"59","author":"Huang AJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"issue":"8","key":"B14","first-page":"543","volume":"87","author":"Khandelwal C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Fam Phys."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"S32","volume":"6","author":"Kelly CE.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Urol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0413","volume":"85","author":"Mac Bride MB","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"issue":"3","key":"B19","first-page":"112","volume":"37","author":"McKertich K","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician."},{"issue":"5","key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E194","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.151104","volume":"189","author":"Maund E","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ."},{"issue":"4","key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2017-0141","volume":"70","author":"Melo LS","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Enferm."},{"issue":"3","key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2018.1543263","volume":"22","author":"Milsom I","year":"2019","journal-title":"Climacteric."},{"issue":"2","key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.5935\/1984-0063.20180020","volume":"11","author":"Nazaripanah NS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-015-9554-3","volume":"16","author":"Ranson RN","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biogerontology."},{"key":"B29","first-page":"S38","volume":"4","author":"Shah D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Urol."},{"key":"B30","first-page":"S7","volume":"4","author":"Steers WD.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Urol."},{"issue":"4","key":"B31","first-page":"e386","volume":"197","author":"Stothers L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"4","key":"B32","first-page":"214","volume":"3","author":"Vogel SL.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ochsner J."}],"container-title":["British Journal of Hospital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.12968\/hmed.2020.0518","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T10:02:07Z","timestamp":1770372127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/BJHM\/82\/4\/10.12968\/hmed.2020.0518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12968\/hmed.2020.0518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/hmed.2020.0518","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-8460","1759-7390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-8460","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]}}}