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Patients with unexplained pain risk significant morbidity and mortality, and doctors are vulnerable to litigation and reputational damage. This article addresses this danger, exploring the causes and pathology of pain that is out of proportion, and presenting an approach to mitigate risk and prevent catastrophe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2021.0599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T08:42:30Z","timestamp":1649234550000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pitfalls in medicine: pain out of proportion to examination findings"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Stephen-John","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria S","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Far East Rand Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","reference":[{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-017-0150-5"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science","volume":"131","author":"Das V.","year":"2015"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199611000-00011"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B5.14352"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031264"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004230050197"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-003-6691-7"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"78","volume":"58","author":"Hegan T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"issue":"5","key":"B11","first-page":"362","volume":"68","author":"Hickson GB","year":"2007","journal-title":"N C Med J"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.03.009"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m304"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197511000-00003"},{"issue":"10","key":"B15","first-page":"879","volume":"97","author":"Matsuo H.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70550-8"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2017.3.33607"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.10.1054"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2008.06.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.59096\/osir.v13i1.262850","volume":"13","author":"Praekunatham H","year":"2020","journal-title":"OSIR J. 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