{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:23:08Z","timestamp":1793074988563,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Hosp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Entrapment of peripheral nerves can occur as they travel through restrictive spaces. This nerve compression can result in a constellation of signs and symptoms, which are often called syndromes. Patients initially report pain, paraesthesia and numbness, followed by weakness and clumsiness and, ultimately, muscle wasting. The specific region of paraesthesia and pain and the specific muscle weakness is determined by the peripheral nerve involved and the location of the entrapment. Diagnosis is mainly based on history and examination. Further investigations are available for atypical presentations. Each syndrome has its own set of risk factors, but repetitive action and muscle overuse are commonly associated with most syndromes. The treatment is activity modification followed by steroid injection and finally surgical decompression for ongoing persistent symptoms or severe initial presentation. This article outlines the history, examination, possible investigations and management for common peripheral nerve entrapments of the median, ulnar and radial nerves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2022.0111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T07:15:28Z","timestamp":1667114128000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Common peripheral nerve entrapments in the upper limb"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Pramin","family":"Raut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Raad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Kieffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004983","volume":"142","author":"Alter TH","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-5-201309030-00004","volume":"159","author":"Atroshi I","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.12.1674","volume":"74","author":"Bland JDP","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7615","key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39282.623553.AD","volume":"335","author":"Bland JDP","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B5","author":"British Orthopaedic Association","year":"2017","journal-title":"Commissioning guide: treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome"},{"issue":"2","key":"B6","first-page":"141","volume":"68","author":"Br\u00fcske J","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"issue":"2","key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.1999.0328","volume":"25","author":"Burke FD","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br Eur"},{"issue":"5","key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.08.008","volume":"79","author":"Chandra PS","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"10156","key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31572-1","volume":"392","author":"Chesterton LS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2008.10.007","volume":"20","author":"Cummins CA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.10.016","volume":"34","author":"Dang AC","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20190106","volume":"77","author":"Ertem DH","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2000.0496","volume":"26","author":"Finsen V","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01362","volume":"90","author":"Graham B","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000036","volume":"31","author":"Ito E","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.11.1589","volume":"58","author":"Jablecki CK","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jobe MR, Martinez SF. 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