{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T03:07:30Z","timestamp":1784776050593,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Hosp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychological torture, in its broadest sense, is the intentional infliction of suffering without resorting to direct physical violence, in what is known as \u2018no-touch\u2019 torture. While several other definitions of psychological torture have been suggested, there is no one precise definition. Given the rapidly evolving current global political climate and the intensification of conflict, war and asylum seeking, the need for better recognition of psychological torture among clinicians, followed by the provision of appropriate treatment support for victims, has become increasingly pertinent. This article raises awareness of the concept of psychological torture among clinicians, through an overview of its debated definitions, the modalities which constitute this form of torture, and its clinical sequelae and treatment approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2023.0104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T07:59:02Z","timestamp":1693382342000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Psychological torture: definitions, clinical sequelae and treatment principles"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Alex S","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Pickering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Integritas Healthcare, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.3.277","volume":"64","author":"Ba\u015fo\u011flu M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B2","author":"Borchelt G","year":"2005","journal-title":"Systematic use of psychological torture by US forces."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"cer","volume":"2016","author":"Costandi M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebrum."},{"issue":"2","key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463713483596","volume":"7","author":"de C Williams AC","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Pain."},{"key":"B5","author":"Department of Justice","year":"2004","journal-title":"\u00a7\u00a7 2340-2340A."},{"issue":"1","key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-867080","volume":"25","author":"Durmer JS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.3087","volume":"28","author":"Goodman-Delahunty J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Cognit Psychol."},{"issue":"11","key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.11.1450","volume":"140","author":"Grassian S","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13728-016-0048-y","volume":"5","author":"Leach J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Extrem Physiol Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"B12","first-page":"53","volume":"43","author":"Mastroianni GR","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parameters."},{"key":"B13","author":"McCoy AW","year":"2006","journal-title":"Metropolitan Books\/Henry Holt and Company"},{"issue":"6","key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.3040","volume":"28","author":"Redlich AD","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Cognit Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000461","volume":"79","author":"Tsur N","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S54036","volume":"7","author":"Vyazovskiy VV","year":"2015","journal-title":"NSS."},{"issue":"3","key":"B20","first-page":"112","volume":"165","author":"Weinstein HM","year":"1996","journal-title":"West J Med."}],"container-title":["British Journal of Hospital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.12968\/hmed.2023.0104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T10:01:14Z","timestamp":1770372074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/BJHM\/84\/8\/10.12968\/hmed.2023.0104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12968\/hmed.2023.0104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/hmed.2023.0104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-8460","1759-7390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-8460","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]}}}