{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:27:18Z","timestamp":1787678838872,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":219,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Hosp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, though etiologically distinct, are both inflammatory joint diseases that cause progressive joint injury, chronic pain, and loss of function. Therefore, long-term treatment with a focus on relieving symptoms is needed. At present, the primary treatment for arthritis is drug therapy, both oral and intravenous. Although significant progress has been achieved for these treatment methods in alleviating symptoms, certain prominent drawbacks such as the substantial side effects and limited absorption of medications call for an urgent need for improved drug delivery methods. Injected hydrogels can be used as a delivery system to deliver drugs to the joint cavity in a controlled manner and continuously release them, thereby enhancing drug retention in the joint cavity to improve therapeutic effectiveness, which is attributed to the desirable attributes of the delivery system such as low immunogenicity, good biodegradability and biocompatibility. This review summarizes the types of injectable hydrogels and analyzes their applications as delivery systems in arthritis treatment. We also explored how hydrogels counteract inflammation, bone and cartilage degradation, and oxidative stress, while promoting joint cartilage regeneration in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This review also highlights new approaches to developing injectable hydrogels as delivery systems for OA and RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2024.0347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T05:50:59Z","timestamp":1724997059000},"page":"1-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Application of Injectable Hydrogels as Delivery Systems in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-yang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-chen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-li","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120748"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"8286248","volume":"2017","author":"Aboalola D","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells International"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2019.10.007"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27415"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105856"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"4307","volume":"5","author":"Aguilar M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Topics in Tissue Engineering"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041253"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13103"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.07.005","volume":"88","author":"Alexander A","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics: Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0939-8"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k3015"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15030371"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3290-5"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-017-0028-x"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.99"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8070454"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39563"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00523-9"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"183","volume":"13","author":"Bajpayee AG","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B20","first-page":"176","volume":"14","author":"Banihashemian SA","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.26736"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202101741"},{"key":"B23","first-page":"27","volume":"8","author":"Benwood C","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2120968119"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22160"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-003-0705-6"},{"key":"B27","author":"Bliddal H","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb9010011"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0022-8"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/term.485"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c06393"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.12.004"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acspolymersau.2c00051"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063276"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.193"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16091293"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.100993"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S283518"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01636"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126105"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202300180"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.19404"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.07.037"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.069"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md13085156"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.08.002"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.08.067"},{"key":"B48","first-page":"169","volume":"9","author":"Collins KH","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12865"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2014-0164"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200038030-00003"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111059"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.09.072"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.01.021"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28207039"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.109930"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102391"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.06.015"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015050578"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00396-017-4215-5"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40840"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00396-015-3573-0"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020488","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda-Couce J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gels (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"B64","first-page":"44","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda-Couce J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gels (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.01.018"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-018-0016-9"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay6853"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.03.003"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115514"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22568"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2019.19.e4"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-012-9457-4"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.09.031"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmm2.12078"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-020-03193-x"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202201349"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202105063"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2015.1073133"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b00371"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2022.102705"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.061"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202008793"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2019.1660434"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06075-5"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz5913"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM01008B"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302551"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl6449"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.09.017"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2020.1787555"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2023.102723"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM00482D"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5712"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.646310"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2014.1934"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.04.035"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01912"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02153-8"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.65"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103427"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00009"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.06.029"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152925"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/75.1.69"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2017.02.019"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.04.083"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.36117"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c00275"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-022-01260-0"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202100025"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2016.07.004"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2012.48.9.1855758"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020430"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030603"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.200900402"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328210384889"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.11.008"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.5.1379"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820271005"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-021-06547-1"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1058"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X221090297"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2016.01.006"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119851"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201400426"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22698"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1111882"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(99)00027-9"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.05.064"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2022.2050848"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00061-8"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2015.11.019"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.09.016"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.10.003"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32514"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.08.013"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/406731"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9732-y"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157016110791112296"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01865-8"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-00974-4"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-022-00437-5"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111592"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102400"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60826-4"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1214804"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b04979"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731414541850"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.10.064"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202210707"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.11.051"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c00366"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.04.003"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0023-5"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2019.08.003"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1109"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.11.018"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2014.867326"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032528"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867326666190711103956"},{"key":"B162","first-page":"377","volume":"9","author":"Takematsu E","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.03.011"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/j1l5l3"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.027"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111250"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.11.008"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2016.05.001"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200003)43:3<506::AID-ANR5>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2017.10.001"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60041-2"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.108043"},{"key":"B173","first-page":"10","volume":"17","author":"Wang C","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England)"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03129"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120301"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.02.091"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-684"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S256850"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00832"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.11.016"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.12.115"},{"key":"B182","first-page":"7848901","volume":"2018","author":"Wang Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-1122-2"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8MH01208C"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201804400"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111434"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2518-x"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21568"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.10.013"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2023.04.071"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02465-w"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02689-9"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00955"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.09.065"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2sm06463d"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac61fa"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3597"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180327165604"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1014543"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.2c01144"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe0083"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101684"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bm100549q"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bm900145g"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121190"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02532"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1165-5"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.09.034"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2021.04.001"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2019.0318"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.06.014"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.615665"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03096-6"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040411"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b20372"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB02716E"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119667"},{"key":"B218","first-page":"2001442","volume":"7","author":"Zhou X","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)"},{"key":"B219","first-page":"e2206253","volume":"10","author":"Zhu H","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Hospital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.12968\/hmed.2024.0347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T10:00:36Z","timestamp":1770372036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/BJHM\/85\/8\/10.12968\/hmed.2024.0347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"references-count":219,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12968\/hmed.2024.0347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/hmed.2024.0347","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-8460","1759-7390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-8460","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]}}}