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Pharmacologic interventions, primarily proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists, are reserved for severe cases, such as erosive esophagitis or persistent respiratory symptoms, where non-pharmacological approaches have failed. While medications promote mucosal healing, their efficacy for symptoms like irritability or vomiting in non-severe cases is mixed, raising concerns about overuse. Adverse effects include increased infection risks, gut microbiota changes, and nutrient malabsorption. Future research should refine diagnostic criteria and develop evidence-based guidelines to prevent overtreatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2024.0921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T08:07:09Z","timestamp":1755504429000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Pharmacological Treatments and Lifestyle Modifications for Managing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Infants: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Yeshaa","family":"Mirani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohan Joe","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16242","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2016.59.5.226"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"705","volume":"92","author":"Baird DC","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.03.054"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1655"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.2.109"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/141967"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2018-000287"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2022-001577"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S46250"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922811412585"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16150"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00207-5"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2566"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198309293091304"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198807000-00010"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001889"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v15.i3.84"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"153","volume":"59","author":"Smith CH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-023-00580-z"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"CD008550","volume":"8","author":"Tighe MP","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181b7f563"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2719"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Hospital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.12968\/hmed.2024.0921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T10:00:00Z","timestamp":1770372000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/BJHM\/86\/8\/10.12968\/hmed.2024.0921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12968\/hmed.2024.0921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/hmed.2024.0921","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-8460","1759-7390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-8460","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]}}}