{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:11:49Z","timestamp":1772979109247,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Hosp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims\/Background The diagnosis of chronic endometritis (CE) in infertile women without demonstrable intrauterine abnormalities remains a significant clinical challenge. The primary aim of this study was to identify the independent risk factors for CE regarding reproductive history and clinical symptoms in infertile women, providing evidence-based guidance for targeted CE screening in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods In this retrospective case-control study, a total of 180 infertile female patients undergoing hysteroscopy between October 2022 and July 2024, who fulfilled the enrollment criteria, were included. The participants were divided into two groups: non-chronic endometritis (NCE) group (n = 78) and CE group (n = 102). CE was diagnosed based on the syndecan-1 (CD138) immunohistochemical staining results. To evaluate the association of CE with reproductive history and clinical symptoms, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results The prevalence of CE in this study was 56.67% (102\/180). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant differences in gravidity, parity, abortion history, and prolonged menstruation between the two groups (p &lt; 0.05), indicating their correlations with CE. Further multivariate analysis identified abortion history (odds ratio [OR] = 2.521, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.307\u20134.864, p = 0.006) and prolonged menstruation (OR = 3.624, 95% CI: 1.141\u201311.513, p = 0.029) as independent risk factors for CE, while gravidity and parity showed no significant associations after adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion Abortion history and prolonged menstruation are independent risk factors for CE. For infertile women presenting with a history of abortion or prolonged menstruation but without apparent intrauterine abnormalities, hysteroscopy combined with CD138 immunohistochemical staining is recommended to facilitate early diagnosis and prompt therapeutic intervention for CE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2025.0792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:52:23Z","timestamp":1766047943000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reproductive History and Clinical Symptom-Related Risk Factors for Chronic Endometritis in Infertile Women: A Retrospective Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People\u2019s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 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