{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:29:47Z","timestamp":1788542987281,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wound Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adelay in wound closure can result from poor perfusion, infection, pressure or chronic venous hypertension. How ever, problem wounds are rarely affected by a single factor. To facilitate wound healing, systemic and local factors that may impede healing need to be addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2005.14.8.26824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T15:58:56Z","timestamp":1400860736000},"page":"349-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Role of the wet-to-dry phase of cleansing in preparing the chronic wound bed for dressing application"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Kammerlander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrach\/Zurich, Switzerland and Director, Wound Competence Centre (WCC), Wilhering\/Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Andriessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRICP\/TVU, London, UK; Academy for Certified Wound Management, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Asmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Certified Wound Management, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrach\/Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Eberlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00fcrnberg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5130","reference":[{"key":"p_2","volume-title":"Lemma BV Utrecht: 2003","edition":"4"},{"key":"p_3","volume-title":"BMJ 2002; 324: 160-163","author":"Harding K.G."},{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"Chronic or problem wounds may develop due to an underlying disease such as chronic venous stasis, chronic Iymphatic congestion, diabetes mellitus and arterial circulation disorders on a macro or micro level.4,9,10,16,17,21-29"},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"Bacterial burden and a necrotic layer will also compromise healing.30-33Chronic wounds that do not present signs of clinical infection are assumed to be colonised."},{"key":"p_23","unstructured":"It is widely accepted that dressings that promote a moist wound environment and active cleansing agents can be used to boost continuous physiological wound cleansing (autolytic debridement) if required.33,37,39,40-48This approach uses dressing changes as an active vehicle for wound cleansing.9,33"},{"key":"p_24","unstructured":"In 1989 Kammerlander9reported clinical experiences with a multi-phase concept for dressing changes, which involves an active cleansing phase (a wet phase lasting 15 minutes to one hour) and a short resting phase (the dry phase) that restores the peri-wound skin integrity (Fig 1).9"},{"key":"p_26","volume-title":"depending on the level of inflammation. 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