{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:49:10Z","timestamp":1793742550172,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wound Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This phase 1 trial set out to examine the safety of a bacteriophage-based preparation for difficult-to-treat wounds. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The intention-to-treat sample comprised 42 patients with chronic venous leg ulcers (VLUs); 39 patients completed the trial. The ulcers were treated for 12 weeks with either a saline control or bacteriophages targeted against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Follow-up continued until week 24. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> No adverse events were attributed to the study product. No signifi cant difference (p&gt;0.05) was determined between the test and control groups for frequency of adverse events, rate of healing, or frequency of healing. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This study found no safety concerns with the bacteriophage treatment. Efficacy of the preparation will need to be evaluated in a phase II efficacy study. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Declaration of interest:<\/jats:title><jats:p> One of the authors (AS) holds an equity interest in Intralytix. The other authors do not have any interest in commercial activities. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2009.18.6.42801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T15:57:33Z","timestamp":1400860653000},"page":"237-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":394,"title":["Bacteriophage therapy of venous leg ulcers in humans: results of a phase I safety trial"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"D.D.","family":"Rhoads","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.D.","family":"Wolcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Kuskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.M.","family":"Wolcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glanbia Research and Development Center, Twin Falls, Idaho, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.S.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glanbia Research and Development Center, Twin Falls, Idaho, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sulakvelidze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intralytix, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5130","reference":[{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00321.x"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05321-1"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2004.01600.x"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2002.01451.x"},{"key":"p_13","volume-title":"Biology and Application.Boca Raton","author":"Bacteriophages","year":"2005"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(98)92874-2"},{"key":"p_16","volume-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001","author":"Bacteriophage"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(94)90184-8"},{"key":"p_20","first-page":"175","volume":"35","year":"1987","journal-title":"Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003326"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-43"},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129334-200511000-00012"},{"key":"p_27","first-page":"522","volume":"30","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"p_46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2005.01.003"},{"key":"p_47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2008.17.4.28835"},{"key":"p_48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5372-0"},{"key":"p_49","volume-title":"Johnson, R.A. 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