{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:20:38Z","timestamp":1790108438682,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wound Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The potential impact of biofilm on healing in acute and chronic wounds is one of the most controversial current issues in wound care. A significant amount of laboratory-based research has been carried out on this topic, however, in 2013 the European Wound Management Association (EWMA) pointed out the lack of guidance for managing biofilms in clinical practice and solicited the need for guidelines and further clinical research. <\/jats:p><jats:p> In response to this challenge, the Italian Nursing Wound Healing Society (AISLeC) initiated a project which aimed to achieve consensus among a multidisciplinary and multiprofessional international panel of experts to identify what could be considered part of \u2018good clinical practice\u2019 with respect to the recognition and management of biofilms in acute and chronic wounds. The group followed a systematic approach, developed by the GRADE working group, to define relevant questions and clinical recommendations raised in clinical practice. <\/jats:p><jats:p> An independent librarian retrieved and screened approximately 2000 pertinent published papers to produce tables of levels of evidence. After a smaller focus group had a multistep structured discussion, and a formal voting process had been completed, ten therapeutic interventions were identified as being strongly recommendable for clinical practice, while another four recommendations were graded as being \u2018weak\u2019. <\/jats:p><jats:p> The panel subsequently formulated a preliminary statement (although with a weak grade of agreement): \u2018provided that other causes that prevent optimal wound healing have been ruled out, chronic wounds are chronically infected\u2019. All members of the panel agreed that there is a paucity of reliable, well-conducted clinical trials which have produced clear evidence related to the effects of biofilm presence. In the meantime it was agreed that expert-based guidelines were needed to be developed for the recognition and management of biofilms in wounds and for the best design of future clinical trials. This is a fundamental and urgent task for both laboratory-based scientists and clinicians <\/jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Declaration of interest:<\/jats:title><jats:p> David Leaper was a paid lecturer\/consultant advisor within the last two years for Johnson and Johnson, CareFusion and Pfizer. Andrea Bellingeri, consultant advisor in the last two years for Coloplast, Angelini. Keith Cutting: has received honoraria as a member of speakers bureaus and advisory boards and received travel and accommodation expenses from a number of wound products companies. All the other authors have no conflict of interest to declare. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2016.25.6.305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,11]],"date-time":"2016-06-11T01:06:16Z","timestamp":1465607176000},"page":"305-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Recommendations for the management of biofilm: a consensus document"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UO Dermatologia AUSL Bologna \u2013 Istituto delle scienze neurologiche Bellaria, Bologna, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.D.","family":"Wolcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Regional Wound Care Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Peghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casa Di Cura Solatrix Rovereto, AISLeC Membership, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Leaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Cutting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wound Care 4 Heroes and Perfectus Biomed, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Polignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IOT Hospital Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Rosa Rita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatorio Infermieristico ASS 1 Trieste, AISLeC Membership, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moscatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lesioni Cutanee e Ambulatori Infermieristici Lesioni Cutanee SITRA, A.O. 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