{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:14:00Z","timestamp":1790475240605,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wound Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Children can have non-healing wounds due to a wide range of pathologies, including epidermolysis bullosa (EB), pilonidal disease and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, with some causes being iatrogenic, including extravasation injuries and medical device-related hospital-acquired pressure ulcers. Furthermore, paediatric wounds are vastly different from adult wounds and therefore require a different treatment approach. While there are numerous types of dressings, topical remedies, and matrices with high-tier evidence to support their use in adults, evidence is scarce in the neonatal and paediatric age groups. The purpose of this review is to discuss the basic principles in paediatric wound management, as well as to present new treatment findings published in the literature to date. The benefits and risks of using different types of debridement are discussed in this review. Various topical formulations are also described, including the need to use antibiotics judiciously. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Databases were searched for relevant sources including Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and DynaMed. Search terms used included \u2018wound care\u2019, \u2018wound management\u2019, \u2018paediatrics\u2019, \u2018children\u2019, \u2018skin substitutes\u2019, and \u2018grafts\u2019. Additionally, each treatment and disease entity was searched for relevant sources, including, for example: \u2018Apligraf\u2019, \u2018dermagraft\u2019, \u2018Manuka honey\u2019, \u2018antibiotic\u2019, \u2018timolol\u2019, and \u2018negative pressure wound therapy\u2019 (NPWT). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Amniotic membrane living skin equivalent is a cellular matrix that has been reportedly successful in treating paediatrics wounds and is currently under investigation in randomised clinical trials. Helicoll is an acellular matrix, which shows promise in children with recessive dystrophic EB. NPWT may be used as a tool to accelerate wound closure in children; however, caution must be taken due to limited evidence to support its safety and efficacy in the paediatric patient population. Integra has been reported as a useful adjunctive treatment to NPWT as both may act synergistically. Hospitalised children and neonates frequently have pressure ulcers, which is why prevention in this type of wound is paramount. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Advancements in wound care are rapidly expanding. Various treatments for non-healing wounds in paediatric and neonatal patients have been reported, but high tier evidence in these populations is scarce. We hope to shed light on existing evidence regarding the different therapeutic modalities, from debridement techniques and dressing types to tissue substitutes and topical remedies. There have been promising results in many studies to date, but RCTs involving larger sample sizes are necessary, in order to determine the specific role these innovative agents play in paediatric wounds and to identify true safety and efficacy. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2020.29.6.321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T17:29:38Z","timestamp":1591982978000},"page":"321-334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Traditional and advanced therapeutic modalities for wounds in the paediatric population: an evidence-based review"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Stephanie A","family":"McNamara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dr. Phillip Frost Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, 1321 NW 14th Street, Suite 506, Miami, FL 33125, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope A","family":"Hirt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dr. Phillip Frost Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, 1321 NW 14th Street, Suite 506, Miami, FL 33125, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximillian A","family":"Weigelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dr. Phillip Frost Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, 1321 NW 14th Street, Suite 506, Miami, FL 33125, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dr. Phillip Frost Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, 1321 NW 14th Street, Suite 506, Miami, FL 33125, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"de Bedout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dr. Phillip Frost Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, 1321 NW 14th Street, Suite 506, Miami, FL 33125, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S","family":"Kirsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dr. Phillip Frost Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, 1321 NW 14th Street, Suite 506, Miami, FL 33125, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence A","family":"Schachner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dr. Phillip Frost Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, 1321 NW 14th Street, Suite 506, Miami, FL 33125, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5130","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"B1","first-page":"34","volume":"53","author":"Baharestani MM.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2013.0477"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.3"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701239"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01594.x"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12990"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13584"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.36-5-207"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005746"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2015.0640"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"1","volume":"2020","author":"Harper HE","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S151084"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17682"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.05.002"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WON.0000319125.21854.78"},{"issue":"10","key":"B17","first-page":"1186","volume":"78","author":"Bluestein D","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccw.2015.08.003"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.5.1162"},{"issue":"10","key":"B20","first-page":"CD011331","author":"Choo J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"e8","volume":"4","author":"Riley KN","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Burns Wounds"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2005.00119.x"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00191-2"},{"issue":"5","key":"B24","first-page":"114","volume":"30","author":"Kim PJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2015.24.8.366"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3944\/AOTT.2014.2941"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2007.08.018"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.01.023"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000580480.86585.3a"},{"key":"B30","unstructured":"Manna B, Morrison CA. Wound debridement. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL), StatsPearls Publishing, 2019"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-010-0806-1"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JPS.0000000000000021"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/193293a0"},{"key":"B34","unstructured":"Bolognia J, Jorizzo J, Schaffer J, Schaffer JV. Dermatology (3rd ed.). Elsevier Saunders, 2012"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000433103.55891.af"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0478-y"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.25.4.267"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000419404.44947.de"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2015.24.10.446"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2011.654108"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2016.25.8.452"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e3181a2898f"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2015.24.3.95"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/paed2009.04.21.3.38.c7037"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007463"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e318236fe31"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2004.13.6.26630"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2005.14.10.26851"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2017.26.3.107"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000266"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00112-16"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2015.27.5.551"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2017-0289"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13331"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02707-13"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2014.12.002"},{"issue":"10","key":"B57","first-page":"1051","volume":"17","author":"Hebert AA","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475x.2001.00002.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"B60","first-page":"36","volume":"38","author":"Johnson A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"issue":"4","key":"B61","first-page":"CD005083","author":"Jull AB","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6569(63)90108-1"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2010.19.Sup5.77704"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2014.23.Sup6.S30"},{"issue":"2","key":"B65","first-page":"93","author":"Subrahmanyan M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000028"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.05.026"},{"issue":"12","key":"B69","first-page":"E115","volume":"29","author":"Elsass FT.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2014.00350"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2013.158"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01993288"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(89)90153-8"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2018.27.11.768"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.5.691"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(91)90598-N"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700151"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12767"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.08.005"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0355"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12869"},{"issue":"5","key":"B82","first-page":"283","volume":"69","author":"Durante CM","year":"2014","journal-title":"Minerva Chir"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2019.28.6.398"},{"issue":"4","key":"B84","first-page":"333","volume":"15","author":"Piccin A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2018.05.021"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines4040091"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.02924.x"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2004.30383.x"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2009.09.009"},{"issue":"12","key":"B90","first-page":"1495","volume":"31","author":"Yang L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.02.048"},{"issue":"8","key":"B92","first-page":"224","volume":"30","author":"Boyar V","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/17-039"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2019.28.Sup5.S4"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2018.01.013"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-016-3915-0"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2019.28.Sup5.S12"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.2.160"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199301000-00007"},{"key":"B100","first-page":"e10","volume":"11","author":"Greenwood JE.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12492"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000318264"},{"issue":"3","key":"B103","first-page":"72","volume":"30","author":"Lintzeris D","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2014.23.Sup10.S5"},{"key":"B105","first-page":"e30","volume":"18","author":"Mahabbat N","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2006.11.013"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-200509000-00013"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2013.22.12.708"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005375"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199807000-00010"},{"key":"B111","first-page":"e8","volume":"15","author":"Singer M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001953"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-016-0210-6"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.08.067"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2009.00607.x"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.10.043"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.05.056"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.01.061"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12059"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.11.048"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.04.002"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.01.055"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.08.001"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-002-0735-1"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199804000-00017"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.26.4.247"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2012.00970.x"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0b013e31823850ea"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.23.6.25"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2729"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2016.02.002"},{"issue":"7","key":"B133","first-page":"18","volume":"58","author":"Schl\u00fcer AB","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2011754"},{"issue":"6","key":"B135","first-page":"44","volume":"51","author":"Dixon M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2018.10.005"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2592"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12900"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2006.07.002"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25270\/owm.2018.11.2228"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2013.05.004"},{"key":"B143","first-page":"12","author":"Broom M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Serv Insights"},{"issue":"11","key":"B144","first-page":"40","volume":"101","author":"Willock J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nurs Times"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000075559.55920.36"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0649"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.09.045"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.11.069"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200307000-00023"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2007.06.007"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31806bf446"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2014.41.4.330"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wound Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.12968\/jowc.2020.29.6.321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:20:14Z","timestamp":1653438014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/10.12968\/jowc.2020.29.6.321"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"references-count":147,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12968\/jowc.2020.29.6.321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/jowc.2020.29.6.321","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-0700","2052-2916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-0700","type":"print"},{"value":"2052-2916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]}}}