{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T05:18:40Z","timestamp":1739251120946,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"Sup2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wound Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Opioid tolerance is a criterion for opioid use disorder, which is currently an epidemic in the US. Individuals with open wounds are frequently administered opioids; however, the phenomenon of opioid tolerance has not been examined in the context of wounds. The purpose of this exploratory study was to compare patient\/wound factors, wound microbiome and inflammatory mediators between individuals who were opioid-tolerant versus those who were not opioid-tolerant. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Patients with acute open wounds were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All study data were collected before and during a one-time study dressing change. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The study included a total of 385 participants. Opioid-tolerant participants were significantly younger (p&lt;0.0001); had higher levels of depression (p=0.0055) and anxiety (p=0.0118); had higher pain catastrophising scores (p=0.0035); reported higher resting wound pain (p&lt;0.0001); had a higher number of wounds of &lt;30 days' duration (p=0.0486); and had wounds with lower bacterial richness (p=0.0152) than participants who were not opioid-tolerant. A backward elimination logistic regression model showed that four predictors\u2014resting wound pain, age, bacterial richness and depression\u2014were the most important variables in predicting opioid-tolerance status. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> These findings provide the first insights into the phenomenon of opioid tolerance in the context of open wounds. This study provides findings from which to guide hypothesis-driven research in the future. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2023.0215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T17:16:04Z","timestamp":1739207764000},"page":"S6-S16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship of opioid tolerance to patient and wound factors, and wound micro-environment in patients with open wounds"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jaewon","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, College of Nursing, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Hein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, College of Nursing, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen L","family":"Hillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, Departments of Radiology and Biostatistics, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Grice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara A","family":"Rakel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, College of Nursing, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue E","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, College of Nursing, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5130","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. 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