{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:02:40Z","timestamp":1791460960638,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"Sup10C","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wound Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent a major and growing complication of diabetes in the Gulf and wider Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which has the world's highest diabetes prevalence at approximately 17.6% of adults. DFUs carry a high burden of morbidity, mortality and economic cost, and their complex multifactorial aetiology, encompassing peripheral neuropathy, ischaemia, deformity and infection, is compounded by region-specific cultural, climatic and healthcare factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop evidence-based, Gulf-specific clinical guidelines on the assessment, management and prevention of recurrence of DFUs, applicable across varying levels of healthcare infrastructure and sensitive to the cultural context of the Gulf region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An international panel of diabetes and wound care experts from the Gulf region and beyond reviewed current international evidence and guidelines and applied it to Gulf-specific practice contexts. Consensus-based recommendations were formulated across the DFU care pathway through a structured expert panel process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The guidelines provide recommendations across five domains: (1) causes and complications, including overlapping aetiological pathways, comorbidities, infection risk, chronicity and psychosocial impact; (2) holistic patient assessment encompassing wound, vascular, neurological, biomechanical, dermatological and footwear evaluation with clear red-flag escalation pathways; (3) management, covering offloading, wound bed preparation, comorbidity optimisation and multidisciplinary collaboration; (4) prevention of recurrence through risk-stratified surveillance, patient education and lifestyle modification; and (5) regional recommendations addressing Gulf-specific clinical, cultural and infrastructural considerations throughout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective management of DFUs in the Gulf and MENA region requires a comprehensive, integrated, multidisciplinary approach grounded in international evidence and calibrated to regional context. These guidelines aim to standardise clinical practice, reduce variation in care and improve outcomes for patients across the region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2026.0559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:43:38Z","timestamp":1791459818000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gulf regional guidelines for managing diabetic foot ulcers: assessment, treatment and prevention of recurrence"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Noor","family":"Janahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair, Consultant Podiatrist, Awali Hospital, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha Saif","family":"al Mahrizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Foot and Wound Specialist, Ministry of Health, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneera","family":"ben Nakhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Adan Hospital, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saud","family":"al Harthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Endocrinologist, Al Nahda Hospital, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalifa","family":"al Wahaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgeon, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nashat Ali","family":"Ghandoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Surgeon, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kartik","family":"Hariharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Trauma and Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgeon, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony R","family":"Iorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Liaison, Medical Education, MiMedx, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussam","family":"Itani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wound Healing and Tissue Repair, MiMedx, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talal Elenizi Khader","family":"Talal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Consultant Podiatrist, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thamra","family":"al Ghafri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maram","family":"al Khatieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalal","family":"al Romaihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Endocrinologist, Awali Hospital, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant General Surgeon, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Diabetic Foot and Lower Extremity Re-construction, Asan Medical Center, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5130","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","unstructured":"International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. 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