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Miller,              WL, Auchus,                RJ. The            molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology of human steroidogenesis and its            disorders. Endocr Rev          2011;32: 81\u2013151.","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0013"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. Matsumoto,                AM,              Anawalt,            BD. Testicular disorders. In:          Melmed S, Auchus R, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, editors. Williams textbook of          endocrinology. 14th ed. Elsevier 2020. p.668\u2013755."},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Turcu,              AF, Rege,                J, Auchus,                RJ, Rainey,                WE.            11-Oxygenated androgens in health and disease.            Nat Rev Endocrinol          2020;16: 284\u201396.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0336-x"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Barnard,              L, du Toit,                T, Swart,                AC. Back            where it belongs: 11\u03b2-hydroxyandrostenedione compels the re-assessment of C11-oxy            androgens in steroidogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol          2021;525: 111189.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2021.111189"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. du                Toit, T,                Swart,            AC. Turning the            spotlight on the C11-oxy androgens in human fetal development. J            Steroid Biochem Mol Biol          2021;212: 105946.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2021.105946"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Imamichi,                Y, Yuhki,                KI,              Orisaka, M,                Kitano, T,                Mukai, K,                Ushikubi,            F, et al.            11-ketotestosterone is a major androgen produced in human            gonads. 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Storbeck,                KH, Bloem,                LM,                Africander,              D, Schloms,                L, Swart,                P, Swart,                AC.            11\u03b2-Hydroxydihydrotestosterone and 11-ketodihydrotestosterone, novel C19            steroids with androgenic activity: a putative role in castration resistant prostate            cancer?Mol Cell Endocrinol          2013;377: 135\u201346.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.07.006"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Pretorius,                E,                Africander,              DJ, Vlok,                M, Perkins,                MS,              Quanson, J,                Storbeck,              KH.            11-Ketotestosterone and 11-ketodihydrotestosterone in castration            resistant prostate cancer: potent androgens which can no longer be            ignored. 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O\u2019Shaughnessy,                PJ,                Antignac,              JP, Le Bizec,                B, Morvan,                ML,                Svechnikov,              K, S\u00f6der,                O, et al.            Alternative (backdoor) androgen production and masculinization in the            human fetus. PLoS Biol          2019;17: e3000002.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000002"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Reisch,              N, Taylor,                AE,                Nogueira,              EF, Asby,                DJ, Dhir,                V, Berry,                A, et al.            Alternative pathway androgen biosynthesis and human fetal female            virilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA          2019;116: 22294\u20139.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1906623116"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Fukami,              M, Homma,                K,              Hasegawa, T,                Ogata,            T. 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Yoshida,              T, Matsumoto,                K, Miyado,                M,                Miyashiro,              Y, Sago,                H,              Horikawa, R,              et al. Quantification of androgens and            their precursors in full-term human placenta. Eur J            Endocrinol          2021;185: K7\u201311.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0312"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. He,                X, Banker,                M,                Puttabyatappa,              M,                Padmanabhan,              V, Auchus,                RJ. Maternal            11-ketoandrostenedione rises through normal pregnancy and is the dominant 11-oxygenated            androgen in cord blood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab          2022;107: 660\u20137.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab793"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Davio,              A, Woolcock,                H, Nanba,                AT, Rege,                J, O\u2019Day,                P, Ren,                J, et al.            Sex differences in 11-oxygenated androgen patterns across            adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab          2020;105: e2921\u20139.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa343"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"20. du                Toit, T,                Finken,            MJJ, Hamer,                HM,                Heijboer,              AC, Swart,                AC. C11-oxy              C<sub>19<\/sub> and C11-oxy C<sub>21<\/sub> steroids in neonates: UPC<sup>2<\/sup>-MS\/MS            quantification of plasma 11\u03b2-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11-ketotestosterone and            11-ketoprogesterone. Steroids          2018;138: 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2018.06.003"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. St\u00e1rka,              L, Du\u0161kov\u00e1,                M, V\u00edtk\u016f,                J.            11-Keto-testosterone and other androgens of adrenal            origin. Physiol Res          2020;69(Suppl 2):            S187\u201392.","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934516"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Rege,              J, Turcu,                AF,                Kasa-Vubu,              JZ, Lerario,                AM, Auchus,                GC, Auchus,                RJ, et al.            11-ketotestosterone is the dominant circulating bioactive androgen during            normal and premature adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol            Metab          2018;103: 4589\u201398.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00736"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Havelock,                JC, Auchus,                RJ, Rainey,                WE. The rise            in adrenal androgen biosynthesis: adrenarche. 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Turcu,              AF, Nanba,                AT, Chomic,                R,              Upadhyay, SK,                Giordano,              TJ, Shields,                JJ, et al.            Adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated 19-carbon steroids are the dominant            androgens in classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Eur J            Endocrinol          2016;174: 601\u20139.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-1181"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Turcu,              AF, Mallappa,                A, Elman,                MS, Avila,                NA, Marko,                J, Rao,                H, et al.            11-oxygenated androgens are biomarkers of adrenal volume and testicular            adrenal rest tumors in 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin            Endocrinol Metab          2017;102: 2701\u201310.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3989"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Schr\u00f6der,                MAM, Turcu,                AF, O\u2019Day,                P, van                Herwaarden, AE,                Span, PN,                Auchus, RJ,              et al. Production of 11-oxygenated            androgens by testicular adrenal rest tumors. J Clin Endocrinol            Metab          2022;107: e272\u201380.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab598"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS            consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on            diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome            (PCOS). Hum Reprod          2004;19: 41\u20137.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"30. Bulun,              SE. Physiology and pathology          of the female reproductive axis. In: Melmed S, Auchus R, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ,          editors. Williams textbook of endocrinology. 14th ed. 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