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Turner,              HH. A syndrome            of infantilism, congenital webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.            Endocrinology          1938;23: 566\u201374.","journal-title":"Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0013-7227","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2","first-page":"711","volume":"1","year":"1959","unstructured":"2. Ford,              CE, Jones,                KW, Polani,                PE, De                Almeida, JC,                Briggs,            JH. A            sex-chromosome anomaly in a case of gonadal dysgenesis (Turner\u2019s            syndrome). Lancet          1959;1: 711\u20133.","journal-title":"The Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0140-6736","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. Kuroki,              Y. Cytogenetic            study of a neonatal population (5,026 cases). J Yonago Med            Ass          1983;134: 1\u20138 (In          Japanese)."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Maeda,              T, Ohno,                M,                Matsunobu,              A, Yoshihara,                K, Yabe,                N. A            cytogenetic survey of 14,835 consecutive liveborns. Jinrui            Idengaku Zasshi          1991;36: 117\u201329.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01876812"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5. Hibi,              I, Tanae,                A. Final height in Turner          syndrome with and without gonadal function. In: Rosenfeld RG, Grumbach MM, eds. Turner          syndrome. New York and Basel: Marcel Dekker; 1990. p.          163-74."},{"key":"6","unstructured":"6. Wales,              JKH, Wit,                JM, Rogol,                AD. Pediatric Endocrinology          and Growth, 2nd Edition.<sup><\/sup>Edinburgh, London, New York, Oxford, Philadelphia, St.          Louis, Sydney, Tronto: Saunders; 2003. p.31-148."},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7. Ogasawara,                A, Sato,                N, Noda,                M, Kishi,                K, Yoshii,                K, Tanaka,                T. Iatrogenic            precocious puberty due to anabolic hormone therapy in prepubertal boys with short            stature. Jap J Pediatr          2017;70: 449\u201354 (In          Japanese)."},{"key":"8","unstructured":"8. Hibi,              I, Tanae,                A, Tanaka,                T,                Yoshizawa,              A, Miki,                Y, Ito,                J. Spontaneous puberty in          Turner syndrome: its incidence, influence on final height and endocrinological feature.          In: Ranke MB, Rosenfeld R, eds. Turner\u2019s syndrome and growth promoting therapies.          Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: Excerpta Medica; 1991.p.75-81."},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9. Lippe,              B, Westra,                SJ,              Boechat,            MI. Ovarian function in Turner          syndrome: recognizing the spectrum. In: Hibi I, Kazue T, eds. Basic and clinical approach          to Turner syndrome. Amsterdam, London, New York, Tokyo: Excepta Medica;          1993.p.117-122."},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Mazzanti,                L, Nizzoli,                G,                Tassinari,              D,                Bergamaschi,              R, Magnani,                C,                Chiumello,              G, et al.            Spontaneous growth and pubertal development in Turner\u2019s syndrome with            different karyotypes. Acta Paediatr          1994;83: 299\u2013304.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18098.x"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Pasquino,                AM,              Passeri, F,                Pucarelli,              I, Segni,                M,              Municchi,            G, Italian Study            Group for Turner\u2019s Syndrome. Spontaneous pubertal            development in Turner\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol            Metab          1997;82: 1810\u20133.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.6.1810"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Tanaka,              T, Igarashi,                Y, Ozono,                K, Ohyama,                K, Ogawa,                M, Osada,                H, et al.            Frequencies of spontaneous breast development and spontaneous menarche in            Turner syndrome in Japan. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol          2015;24: 167\u201373.","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.24.167"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. Satoh,              M, Tanaka,                T, Yano,                Y, Tanake, A,      Hibi,                I. J Jpn Pediatr            Soc          1994;98: 1193\u20137 (In          Japanese)."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Suwa,              S. Standards            for growth and growth velocity in Turner\u2019s syndrome. Acta            Paediatr Jpn          1992;34: 206\u201320, discussion            221.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.1992.tb00951.x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Fujita,              K, Yokoya,                S, Fujieda,                K,              Shimatsu, A,                Tachibana,              K, Tanaka,                H, et al.            Adult heights of 258 girls with Turner syndrome on low dose of growth            hormone therapy in Japan. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol          2010;19: 63\u20138.","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.19.63"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"16. Takano,              K, Tanaka,                T, Ogawa,                M,                Tachibana,              K, Fujita,                K, Hizuka,                N, et al.            Clinical outcome of GH treatment in Turner girls in Japan: results of            multicentre trial. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol          2000;9(Suppl 14):            15\u201322."},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17. Tanaka,              T. Turner            syndrome and growth hormone therapy. Pediatr Jpn          2001;42: 62\u20139 (In          Japanese)."},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18. Tanaka,              T, Kanzaki,                S, Tajima,                T, Tanaka,                H, Nishi,                K,              Hasegawa, T,              et al. Adult height after growth hormone            treatment (0.35 mg\/kg\/week) in patients with Turner syndrome: Turner Syndrome Research            Collaboration (TRC) study. 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Clin Endocrinol (Tokyo)          1995;43: 1041\u201350 (In          Japanese)."},{"key":"23","unstructured":"23. Tanaka,              T, Shizume,                K, Hibi,                I, Okuno,                A, Hanew,                K, Takano,                K, et al. A          study on the efficacy and safety of human growth hormone (JR-8810) in the treatment of          Turner syndrome patients with short stature (revised edition). Jpn Pharmacol Ther            1999;27:1857\u201369 (In Japanese)."},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Rosenfeld,                RG, Attie,                KM, Frane,                J, Brasel,                JA,                Burstein,            S, Cara,                JF, et al.            Growth hormone therapy of Turner\u2019s syndrome: beneficial effect on adult            height. J Pediatr          1998;132: 319\u201324.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70452-4"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Smith,              EP, Boyd,                J, Frank,                GR,                Takahashi,              H, Cohen,                RM,              Specker, B,              et al. Estrogen resistance caused by a            mutation in the estrogen-receptor gene in a man. N Engl J            Med          1994;331: 1056\u201361.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410203311604"},{"key":"26","unstructured":"26. Morishima,                A,              Grumbach, MM,                Simpson,            ER, Fisher,                C, Qin,                K. Aromatase            deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological            role of estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab          1995;80: 3689\u201398."},{"key":"27","unstructured":"27. Tanaka,              T, Satoh,                M, Tanae,                A, Hibi,                I. Bone maturation during          growth hormone promoting and GnRHa treatment. 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J Jpn Hum Auxo          2017;23:          21\u201330."},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Menke,              LA, Sas,                TC, de Muinck                Keizer-Schrama, SM,                Zandwijken,              GR, de              Ridder, MA,                Odink, RJ,              et al. Efficacy and safety of oxandrolone            in growth hormone-treated girls with Turner syndrome. J Clin            Endocrinol Metab          2010;95: 1151\u201360.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1821"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Zeger,              MP, Shah,                K, Kowal,                K, Cutler,                GB,              Kushner, H,                Ross,            JL. Prospective            study confirms oxandrolone-associated improvement in height in growth hormone-treated            adolescent girls with Turner syndrome. Horm Res            Paediatr          2011;75: 38\u201346.","DOI":"10.1159\/000317529"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Gault,              EJ, Perry,                RJ, Cole,                TJ, Casey,                S,              Paterson, WF,                Hindmarsh,              PC, et al.            British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes.            Effect of oxandrolone and timing of pubertal induction on final height in            Turner\u2019s syndrome: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial.            BMJ          2011;342: d1980.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d1980"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Sas,              TC, Gault,                EJ,                Bardsley,              MZ, Menke,                LA,              Freriks, K,                Perry, RJ,              et al. Safety and efficacy of oxandrolone            in growth hormone-treated girls with Turner syndrome: evidence from recent studies and            recommendations for use. Horm Res Paediatr          2014;81: 289\u201397.","DOI":"10.1159\/000358195"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Aso,              K, Koto,                S, Higuchi,                A, Ariyasu,                D, Izawa,                M, Miyamoto                Igaki, J, et            al. Serum FSH level below 10 mIU\/mL at twelve years            old is an index of spontaneous and cyclical menstruation in Turner            syndrome. Endocr J          2010;57: 909\u201313.","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K10E-092"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Ross,              JL, Quigley,                CA, Cao,                D,              Feuillan, P,                Kowal, K,                Chipman,            JJ, et al.            Growth hormone plus childhood low-dose estrogen in Turner\u2019s            syndrome. N Engl J Med          2011;364: 1230\u201342.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005669"},{"key":"36","unstructured":"36. Chernausek,                SD, Attie,                KM, Cara,                JF,                Rosenfeld,              RG, Frane,                J. Growth            hormone therapy of Turner syndrome: the impact of age of estrogen replacement on final            height. Genentech, Inc., Collaborative Study Group. J Clin            Endocrinol Metab          2000;85: 2439\u201345."},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Faienza,                MF,              Ventura, A,                Colucci, S,                Cavallo, L,                Grano, M,                Brunetti,            G. Bone fragility            in Turner syndrome: Mechanisms and prevention strategies. Front            Endocrinol (Lausanne)          2016;7: 34.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00034"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Nakamura,                T,              Tsuburai, T,                Tokinaga,            A, Nakajima,                I,              Kitayama, R,                Imai, Y,              et al. Efficacy of estrogen replacement            therapy (ERT) on uterine growth and acquisition of bone mass in patients with Turner            syndrome. Endocr J          2015;62: 965\u201370.","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ15-0172"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Bondy,              CA. Turner            Syndrome Study Group. Care of girls and women with Turner            syndrome: a guideline of the Turner Syndrome Study Group. J Clin            Endocrinol Metab          2007;92: 10\u201325.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1374"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Tanaka,              T, Horikawa,                R, Naiki,                Y, Yokoya,                S, Satoh,                M. Prediction            of pubertal growth at start of estrogen replacement therapy in Turner            syndrome. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol          2008;17: 9\u201315.","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.17.9"},{"key":"41","unstructured":"41. Tanaka,              T, Yokoya,                S,              Hasegawa, T,                Kanzaki, S,                Harada, S,                Fujieda, K,              et al. Guidelines for estrogen replacement            therapy for Turner syndrome. J Jpn Pediatr Soc          2008;112: 1048\u201350 (In          Japanese)."},{"key":"42","unstructured":"42. Mochizuki,                T, Ishii,                T, Ito,                J, Kanzaki,                S, Shimazu,                A, Takano,                H, et al.            Timing of initiating estrogen replacement therapy in Turner syndrome on            growth hormone treatment. 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Torres-Santiago,                L, Mericq,                V, Taboada,                M, Unanue,                N, Klein,                KO, Singh,                R, et al.            Metabolic effects of oral versus transdermal 17\u03b2-estradiol            (E<sub>2<\/sub>): a randomized clinical trial in girls with Turner            syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab          2013;98: 2716\u201324.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4243"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Donaldson,                M,              Kristr\u00f6m, B,                Ankarberg-Lindgren,              C, Verlinde,                S, van Alfen-van der                Velden, J,                Gawlik, A,              et al.            on\u00a0behalf\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0European\u00a0Society\u00a0for\u00a0Paediatric\u00a0Endocrinology\u00a0Turner\u00a0Syndrome\u00a0Working\u00a0Group.            Optimal pubertal induction in girls with Turner syndrome using either            oral or transdermal estradiol: a proposed modern strategy. Horm            Res Paediatr          2019;91: 153\u201363.","DOI":"10.1159\/000500050"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Hasegawa,                Y, Ariyasu,                D, Izawa,                M,                Igaki-Miyamoto,              J, Fukuma,                M, Hatano,                M, et al.            Gradually increasing ethinyl estradiol for Turner syndrome may produce            good final height but not ideal BMD. Endocr J          2017;64: 221\u20137.","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0170"},{"key":"48","unstructured":"48. Tanaka,              T. Efficacy of            estrogen replacement therapy starting at a low dose using estradiol patch on secondary            sexual maturation and adult height in Turner syndrome. J Jpn Ass            Hum Auxo          2012;18: 21\u20137 (In          Japanese)."}],"container-title":["Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/cpe\/29\/3\/29_2020-0007\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T23:46:28Z","timestamp":1594424788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/cpe\/29\/3\/29_2020-0007\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1297\/cpe.29.91","relation":{},"ISSN":["0918-5739","1347-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0918-5739","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}