{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:51:27Z","timestamp":1791852687885,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"The Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.jksaa.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Korean Soc. Aviat. Aeronaut."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to provide information necessary for developing a\n                    \u201cCompetency-Based Training and Evaluation Plan\u201d for general aviation flight\n                    instructors in Korea. General aviation training experts designed a survey by\n                    selecting \u201cBehavior Indicators\u201d from the ICAO Flight Instructor Competency\n                    Model. This study analyses the importance of Behavioral Indicators, the level of\n                    instructor performance, and the training needs for flight instructors. According\n                    to the factor analysis, ICAO \u201cFlight Instructor Competency Model\u201d is found as a\n                    valid tool to measure general aviation flight instructor competencies. According\n                    to the training needs analysis, flight instructors training program needs to be\n                    improved on \u201cTraining Environment Management\u201d, \u201cTeaching Method\u201d, and\n                    \u201cInteraction\u201d competencies. When compared with trainee group, flight instructors\n                    &amp; examiners have a higher training demand for \u201cTeaching &amp; Learning\n                    Environment Management\u201d. This study suggests the flight instructor training\n                    program requires to be reorganized based on the competencies related to the\n                    flight instructor duties in the training environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12985\/ksaa.2023.31.1.068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T05:24:18Z","timestamp":1683177858000},"page":"68-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12985\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying Behavior Indicators for Flight Instructor Competencies\n                        and Training Needs Analysis for General Aviation Flight\n                        Instructor"],"prefix":"10.12985","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Keumseok","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\ud2f0\uc6e8\uc774\ud56d\uacf5 \uae30\uc7a5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyungjoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\ud55c\uad6d\ud56d\uacf5\ub300\ud559\uad50 \ub300\ud559\uc6d0 \uc11d\uc0ac\uacfc\uc815"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeong Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\ud55c\uad6d\ud56d\uacf5\ub300\ud559\uad50 \ud56d\uacf5\uc6b4\ud56d\ud559\uacfc \uad50\uc218(2022. 12. 31. \uc0ac\uc9c1)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5139","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, M. 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H., \u201cEverydayness of teachers\u2019 practical\n                    knowledge in the physical education class\u201d, Journal of Korean Society for\n                    Curriculum Studies, 30(2), 2012, pp.21-49. 10.15708\/kscs.30.3.201209.002","DOI":"10.15708\/kscs.30.3.201209.002"},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B2","unstructured":"ICAO, Doc 9995, \u201cManual of Evidence-Based Training\u201d, Montreal,\n                    Canada: International Civil Aviation Organization, 2013,\n                    pp.I-6-1."},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B3","unstructured":"ICAO, Annex 1, \u201cPersonnel Licensing, Montreal, Canada: International\n                    Civil Aviation Organization\u201d, 2018, pp.2-32."},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henley, I., \u201cThe development and evaluation of flight instructor: A\n                    descriptive survey\u201d, The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology\u201d, 1(4),\n                    1991, pp.319-333. 10.1207\/s15327108ijap0104_5","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0104_5"},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boshier, R., \u201cMotivational orientation revisited life-space motives\n                    and the education participation scale\u201d, Adult Education, 27(20), 1977, pp.23-34.\n                        10.1177\/074171367702700202","DOI":"10.1177\/074171367702700202"},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B6","unstructured":"Thomas, M. J. W., \u201cEnhancing instructional systems; The development\n                    of a tool for evaluating instructor and student performance\u201d, In M. J. W.\n                    Thomas, and G. J. F. Hunt (Eds.), Enhancing Professionalism in Aviation. Massey\n                    University School of Aviation, 2001. pp.41-51."},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, W., \u201cEffects of flight instructor\u2019s transformative leaderships\n                    on student pilot\u2019s psychological stabilities and learning satisfactions\u201d,\n                    Journal of The Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics, 28(3), 2020, pp.\n                    41-51. 10.12985\/ksaa.2020.28.3.041","DOI":"10.12985\/ksaa.2020.28.3.041"},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, W., \u201cEffects of flight instructor\u2019s communication styles on\n                    student pilot\u2019s learning motives and satisfactions\u201d, The International Journal\n                    of Aerospace Psychology, 2020, 28(2), pp.1-11. 10.12985\/ksaa.2020.28.2.001","DOI":"10.12985\/ksaa.2020.28.2.001"},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B9","unstructured":"Gonzalez, V. N., \u201cFactors Affecting Simulator-Training\n                    Effectiveness\u201d, Jyvaskyla Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research,\n                    Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4: University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, 2002."},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christope, L., Laurence, D., Sofia, E. M., Jean-Francois, D.,\n                    Sylvain, S., Pierre-Majorique, L., \u201cCertified flight instructors\u2019\n                    performance-review of the literature and exploration of future steps\u201d, The\n                    International Journal of Aerospace Psychology\u201d, 30(3-4), 2020, pp.152-170.\n                        10.1080\/24721840.2020.1796487","DOI":"10.1080\/24721840.2020.1796487"},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B11","unstructured":"ICAO, Doc 9868, \u201cTraining\u201d, Montreal, Canada: International Civil\n                    Aviation Organization, 2020, pp.II-1-7-2-II-1-7-7."},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B12","unstructured":"IATA, \u201cCompetency Assessment and Evaluation for Pilots, Instructors\n                    and Evaluators\u201d, Montreal, Canada: International Air Transport Association,\n                    2021, pp.30-31."},{"key":"key2.0261013092325e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borich, C. 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