{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T14:57:36Z","timestamp":1792421856379,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Clin Cases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) shows an aggressive behavior compared to prostate cancer (PCa), also known as prostate adenocarcinoma. Scanty foci in PCa can harbor genetic alternation that can arise in a heterogeneity of prostate cancer. NEPC may arise de novo  or develop following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). NEPC that arise following ADT has the nomenclature \u201ctreatment-emerging\/induced NEPC (t-NEPC)\u201d. t-NEPC would be anticipated in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and metastatic PCa. t-NEPC is characterized by low or absent androgen receptor (AR) expression, independence of AR signaling, and gain of neuroendocrine phenotype. t-NEPC is an aggressive metastatic tumor, develops from PCa in response to drug induced ADT, and shows very short response to conventional therapy. t-NEPC occurs in 10%-17% of patients with CRPC. De novo  NEPC is rare and is accounting for less than 2% of all PCa. The molecular mechanisms underlying the trans-differentiation from CRPC to t-NEPC are not fully elucidated. Sphingosine kinase 1 plays a significant role in t-NEPC development. Although neuroendocrine markers: Synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and insulinoma associated protein 1 (INSM1 ) are expressed in t-NEPC, they are non-specific for diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of therapy. t-NEPC shows enriched genomic alteration in tumor protein P53 (TP53 ) and retinoblastoma 1 (RB1 ). There are evidences suggest that t-NEPC might develop through epigenetic evolution. There are genomic, epigenetic, and transcriptional alterations that are reported to be involved in development of t-NEPC. Knock-outs of TP53  and RB1  were found to contribute in development of t-NEPC. PCa is resistant to immunotherapy, and at present there are running trials to approach immunotherapy for PCa, CRPC, and t-NEPC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v12.i13.2143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T04:33:14Z","timestamp":1713933194000},"page":"2143-2146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer and\n                    <i>de novo<\/i>\n                    neuroendocrine prostate cancer: Identification, prognosis and survival, genetic and epigenetic factors"],"prefix":"10.12998","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Wishahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i26.6213"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14711"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.07.002"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.6880"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.09.003"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2017.04.006"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-017-0593-6"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.3553"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02255-y"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.695"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000208"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0340-z"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-021-00490-0"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2018.06.006"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-023-00595-y"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1423"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902651116"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128212"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2019.06.009"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-016-9421-z"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2014.10.008"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2014.0073"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.08.011"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814347"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Clinical Cases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2307-8960\/full\/v12\/i13\/2143.htm","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2307-8960\/full\/v12\/i13\/2143.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T04:34:02Z","timestamp":1713933242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2307-8960\/full\/v12\/i13\/2143.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v12.i13.2143","relation":{},"ISSN":["2307-8960"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2307-8960","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]}}}