{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:02:19Z","timestamp":1760043739681,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p> This study examined organizational trends from 1990 to 2000 and unit characteristics associated with the duration of nonmethadone outpatient addiction treatment. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Program directors and clinical supervisors from a nationally representative panel of nonmethadone outpatient units in the United States were surveyed in 1990, 1995, and 2000. Treatment duration was measured from clinical supervisors\u2019 reports of the average length of stay. Negative binominal regression models controlled for multivariate effects. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Treatment duration modestly declined between 1990 and 2000 while addiction severity increased. Affiliation with a mental health center, older program age, JCAHO accreditation-ostensibly a marker for structural quality-and serving more clients with prior authorization requirements-a measure of managed care stringency-were associated with shorter treatment durations. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> These findings suggest that treatment duration did not increase between 1990 and 2000 despite clients\u2019 worsening addiction severity and growing evidence that longer duration of formal treatment improves treatment outcome. In addition, programs with JCAHO accreditation and stronger managed care oversight appeared to seek efficiencies through reductions in treatment duration. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1300\/j465v27n03_07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,21]],"date-time":"2006-11-21T21:10:56Z","timestamp":1164143456000},"page":"47-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Duration of Nonmethadone Outpatient Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Friedmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrate Psychosocial & Health Services, Research Service, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Community Health, Brown University School of Medicine and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yining","family":"Yey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tammie","family":"Nahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soheil","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harold A.","family":"Pollack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-J465v27n03_07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00014-5"},{"volume-title":"Treatment of Drug Problems: A Study of the Evolution, Effectiveness and Financing of Public and Private Drug Treatment Systems","year":"1990","author":"Gerstein D R","key":"bibr2-J465v27n03_07"},{"key":"bibr3-J465v27n03_07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.11.1449"},{"key":"bibr4-J465v27n03_07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00082-4"},{"key":"bibr5-J465v27n03_07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00354.x"},{"key":"bibr6-J465v27n03_07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00211-8"},{"key":"bibr7-J465v27n03_07","first-page":"107","volume":"15","author":"Weisner C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Recent Dev Alcohol"},{"key":"bibr8-J465v27n03_07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70563-0"},{"key":"bibr9-J465v27n03_07","first-page":"SP17","volume":"5","author":"Mechanic D.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"bibr10-J465v27n03_07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021357318246"},{"key":"bibr11-J465v27n03_07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v19n03_02"},{"volume-title":"Organiztaions: Natural, Rational and Open Systems","year":"1998","author":"Scott W R","key":"bibr12-J465v27n03_07"},{"volume-title":"The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependency Perspective","year":"1978","author":"Pfeffer J","key":"bibr13-J465v27n03_07"},{"key":"bibr14-J465v27n03_07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02287231"},{"key":"bibr15-J465v27n03_07","first-page":"27","volume":"15","author":"Sosin M R","year":"2001","journal-title":"Recent Dev Alcohol"},{"key":"bibr16-J465v27n03_07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341182"},{"key":"bibr17-J465v27n03_07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-100101886"},{"volume-title":"Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment System Surveys (OSATSS). 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