{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:30:58Z","timestamp":1792625458295,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Two protocols for the operative technique and care of the pin-site with external fixation were compared prospectively. There was a total of 120 patients with 46 in group A and 74 in group B. Infection was defined as an episode of pain or inflammation at a pin site, accompanied by a discharge which was either positive on bacterial culture or responded to a course of antibiotics. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Patients in group B had a lower proportion of infected pin sites (p = 0.003) and the time to the first episode of infection was longer (p &lt; 0.001). The risk of pin-site infection is lower if attention is paid to avoiding thermal injury and local formation of haematoma during surgery and if after-care includes the use of an alcoholic antiseptic and occlusive pressure dressings. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.87b5.15623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,26]],"date-time":"2005-04-26T18:53:15Z","timestamp":1114541595000},"page":"716-719","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["The care of pin sites with external fixation"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"87-B","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Liverpool Children\u2019s Hospital, Alder Hey, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Prescott Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nayagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Liverpool Children\u2019s Hospital, Alder Hey, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"42","reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Checketts RG, Otterburn M, MacEachern G. Pin track infection: definition, incidence and prevention. J Orthop Trauma 1993;3(Suppl):16\u201318."},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Sims M, Saleh M. Protocols for the care of external fixator pin sites. Prof Nurse 1996;11:261\u20134."},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sproles KJ. Nursing care of skeletal pins: a closer look (continuing education). Orthop Nurs 1985;4:11\u201319.","DOI":"10.1097\/00006416-198501000-00003"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-3111(97)80067-2"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brereton V. Pin-site care and the rate of local infection. J Wound Care 1998;1:42\u20134.","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.1998.7.1.42"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-3111(97)80052-0"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200003000-00006"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199803000-00014"},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"Mahan J, Seligson D, Henry SL, Hynes P, Dobbins J. Factors in pin tract infections. Orthopaedics 1991;14:305\u20138."},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00008-0"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100050416"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 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