{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:42:38Z","timestamp":1787319758657,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This is a prospective study of 107 repairs of obstetric brachial plexus palsy carried out between January 1990 and December 1999. The results in 100 children are presented. In partial lesions operation was advised when paralysis of abduction of the shoulder and of flexion of the elbow persisted after the age of three months and neurophysiological investigations predicted a poor prognosis. Operation was carried out earlier at about two months in complete lesions showing no sign of clinical recovery and with unfavourable neurophysiological investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Twelve children presented at the age of 12 months or more; in three more repair was undertaken after earlier unsuccessful neurolysis. The median age at operation was four months, the mean seven months and a total of 237 spinal nerves were repaired.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The mean duration of follow-up after operation was 85 months (30 to 152). Good results were obtained in 33% of repairs of C5, in 55% of C6, in 24% of C7 and in 57% of operations on C8 and T1. No statistical difference was seen between a repair of C5 by graft or nerve transfer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Posterior dislocation of the shoulder was observed in 30 cases. All were successfully relocated after the age of one year. In these children the results of repairs of C5 were reduced by a mean of 0.8 on the Gilbert score and 1.6 on the Mallett score. Pre-operative electrodiagnosis is a reliable indicator of the depth of the lesion and of the outcome after repair. Intra-operative somatosensory evoked potentials were helpful in the detection of occult intradural (pre-ganglionic) injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.87b8.15975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,27]],"date-time":"2005-07-27T18:26:04Z","timestamp":1122488764000},"page":"1089-1095","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Repair of obstetric brachial plexus palsy"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"87-B","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Birch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PNI Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Ahad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PNI Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PNI Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queens Square, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"42","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2197.298"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-190510000-00013"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Taylor AS.\n                      Brachial birth palsy and injuries of a similar type in adults. Surg Gyn Obs 1920;30:494\u2013502."},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Wyeth JA, Sharpe W.\n                      The field of neurological surgery in a general hospital. Gyn Obs 1917;24:29\u201336."},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fairbank HAT.\n                      Subluxation of shoulder joint in infants and young children. Lancet 1913;1:1217\u201323.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)52017-0"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1925.02670240014005"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193091050-00011"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narakas AO.\n                      Brachial plexus surgery. Orthop Clin North Am 1981;12:303\u201322.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31393-6"},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"Morelli E, Raimondi PL, Saporiti E.\n                      Il loro trattamenot precoce. In: Pipino F, ed.\n                      Le paralisi ostetriche\n                      . Bologna: Auto gaggi, 1984:57\u201376."},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"Narakas A.\n                      Obstetrical brachial plexus injuries. In: Lamb DW, ed.\n                      The paralysed hand\n                      . Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1987:116\u201335."},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.3.F185"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisinella G, Birch R.\n                      Obstetric brachial plexus lesion: a study of 74 children registered with the British Surveillance Unit. J Hand Surg [Br] 2002;38:40\u20135.","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.2002.0841"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"Tassin JL.\n                      Paralysies obst\u00e9tricales du plexus brachial: evolution spontan\u00e9e, r\u00e9sultats des interventions \u00e9paratrices pr\u00e9coces\n                      . Th\u00e8se. Universite Paris VII, 1983."},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.79.2.0197"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199404000-00001"},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Clarke HM, Curtis C.\n                      Examination and prognosis. In: Gilbert A, ed.\n                      Brachial plexus injuries\n                      . London: Martin Dunitz in association with the Federation of European Societies for Surgery of the Hand, 2001;12:159\u201372."},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nehme A, Kany J, Sales-de-Gauzy J, et al.\n                      Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy, predictions of outcome in upper root injuries. J Hand Surg [Br] 2001;27:9\u201312.","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.2001.0655"},{"key":"R18","unstructured":"Slooff ACJ, Blaauw G.\n                      Aspects particuliers. In: Alnot J-Y, Narakas A, eds.\n                      Les paralysies du plexus brachial\n                      . Second ed. Monographie de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ais de Chirurgie de la Main. Expansion Scientifique Fran\u00e7ais, 1995:282\u20134."},{"key":"R19","unstructured":"Blaauw G, Slooff ACJM, Muhlig S.\n                      Results of surgery after breech delivery. In: Gilbert A, ed.\n                      Brachial plexus injuries\n                      . London: Martin Dunitz, 2002:217\u201324."},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80088-X"},{"key":"R21","unstructured":"Smith SJM.\n                      Electrodiagnosis. In: Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB, eds.\n                      Surgical disorders of the peripheral nerves\n                      . First ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1998;19: 467\u201390."},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(02)00281-4"},{"key":"R23","unstructured":"Gilbert A.\n                      Paralysie obstetricale du plexus brachial. In: Alnot JY, Narakas A, eds.\n                      Les paralysies du plexus brachial\n                      . Second ed. Monographie de la Societ\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ais de Chirurgie de la Main. Expansion Scientifique Fran\u00e7ais, 1995:270\u201381."},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilbert A.\n                      Results of repair to the obstetrical plexus. In: Gilbert A, ed.\n                      Brachial plexus injuries federation of european societies for surgery of the hand\n                      . 2002:211\u201315.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203216408"},{"key":"R25","unstructured":"Chen L.\n                      Results of repair in 65 cases. In: Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB, eds.\n                      Surgical disorders of the peripheral nerves\n                      . First ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1998: 221\u20132."},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf017"},{"key":"R27","unstructured":"Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB.\n                      Birth lesions of the brachial plexus. In:\n                      Surgical disorders of the peripheral nerves\n                      . First ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1998: 216\u201319."},{"key":"R28","unstructured":"Gilbert A.\n                      Evaluation of results in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Procs International Meeting on Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy, 2003."},{"key":"R29","unstructured":"Mallett J.\n                      Paralysie obstetricale du plexus brachial. Rev Chir Orthop 1972;58:115\u2013204."},{"key":"R30","unstructured":"Gilbert A, Raimondi P.\n                      A system of evaluation of elbow flexion.\n                      Procs International Meeting on Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy\n                      , 1993."},{"key":"R31","unstructured":"Raimondi P.\n                      Evaluation of the hand.\n                      Procs International Meeting on Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy\n                      , 1993."},{"key":"R32","unstructured":"Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB.\n                      Traumatic lesions of the brachial plexus. In:\n                      Surgical disorders of the peripheral nerves\n                      . First ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1998: 216\u201319."},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B6.0830916"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.1302\/0301-620X.87B8.15975","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1302\/0301-620X.87B8.15975","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.1302\/0301-620X.87B8.15975","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T16:06:14Z","timestamp":1629129974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/10.1302\/0301-620X.87B8.15975"}},"subtitle":["RESULTS IN 100 CHILDREN"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1302\/0301-620X.87B8.15975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.87b8.15975","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-620X","2044-5377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-5377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}}}