{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T05:41:01Z","timestamp":1774676461428,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The aetiology of congenital club foot is unclear. Although studies on populations, families and twins suggest a genetic component, the mode of inheritance does not comply with distinctive patterns. <\/jats:p><jats:p> The Odense-based Danish Twin Registry contains data on all 73 000 twin pairs born in Denmark over the last 130 years. In 2002 all 46 418 twins born between 1931 and 1982 received a 17-page questionnaire, one question of which was \u2018Were you born with club foot?\u2019 A total of 94 twins answered \u2018Yes\u2019, giving an overall self-reported prevalence of congenital club foot of 0.0027 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0022 to 0.0034). We identified 55 complete twin pairs, representing 12 monozygotic, 22 dizygotic same sex (DZ<jats:sub>ss<\/jats:sub>), 18 dizygotic other sex (DZ<jats:sub>os<\/jats:sub>) and three unclassified. Two monozygotic and 2 DZ<jats:sub>ss<\/jats:sub> pairs were concordant. The pairwise concordance was 0.17 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.48) for monozygotic, 0.09 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.32) for DZ<jats:sub>ss<\/jats:sub> and 0.05 (95% CI 0.006 to 0.18) for all dizygotic (DZ<jats:sub>tot<\/jats:sub>) twins. <\/jats:p><jats:p> We have found evidence of a genetic component in congenital club foot, although non-genetic factors must play a predominant role. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.88b3.16685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,23]],"date-time":"2006-02-23T22:22:55Z","timestamp":1140733375000},"page":"374-376","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Club foot"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"88-B","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Engell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Odense, SDR Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Damborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Odense, SDR Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Odense, SDR Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. O.","family":"Kyvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Danish Twin Registry Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Odense, SDR Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"42","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.46B3.445"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Wang JH, Palmer RM, Chung CS. The role of major gene in clubfoot. Am J Hum Genet 1988;42:772\u20136."},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370040408"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Rebbeck TR, Dietz FR, Murray JC, Buetow KH. A single-gene explanation for the probability of having idiopathic talipes equinovarus. 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