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Improved ceramic-on-ceramic bearings have the lowest wear of all, but the corrosion process has not been analysed. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Our aim was to measure the serum ion release (ng\/ml) in 23 patients having stable hip prostheses with a ceramic-on-ceramic coupling (group A) and to compare it with the release in 42 patients with a metal-on-metal bearing (group B) in the medium term. Reference values were obtained from a population of 47 healthy subjects (group C). The concentrations of chromium, cobalt, aluminium and titanium were measured. <\/jats:p><jats:p> There was a significant increase of cobalt, chromium and aluminium levels (p &lt; 0.05) in group B compared with groups A and C. Group A did not differ significantly from the control group. Despite the apparent advantage of a metal-on-metal coupling, especially in younger patients with a long life expectancy, a major concern arises regarding the extent and duration of ion exposure. 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