{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:32:04Z","timestamp":1792672324241,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Using the transverse processes of fresh porcine lumbar spines as an experimental model we evaluated the heat generated by a rotating burr of a high-speed drill in cutting the bone. The temperature at the drilled site reached 174\u00b0C with a diamond burr and 77\u00b0C with a steel burr. With water irrigation at a flow rate of 540 ml\/hr an effective reduction in the temperature was achieved whereas irrigation with water at 180 ml\/hr was much less effective. There was a significant negative correlation between the thickness of the residual bone and the temperature measured at its undersurface adjacent to the drilling site (p &lt; 0.001). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Our data suggest that tissues neighbouring the drilled bone, especially nerve roots, can be damaged by the heat generated from the tip of a high-speed drill. Nerve-root palsy, one of the most common complications of cervical spinal surgery, may be caused by thermal damage to nerve roots arising in this manner. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.91b11.22196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,31]],"date-time":"2009-10-31T21:17:52Z","timestamp":1257023872000},"page":"1541-1544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Potential risk of thermal damage to cervical nerve roots by a high-speed drill"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"91-B","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Hosono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Osaka Kosei-nenkin Hospital, Fukushima 4-2-78, Osaka 553-0003, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Miwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Osaka Kosei-nenkin Hospital, Fukushima 4-2-78, Osaka 553-0003, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Osaka Kosei-nenkin Hospital, Fukushima 4-2-78, Osaka 553-0003, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Takenaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Osaka Kosei-nenkin Hospital, Fukushima 4-2-78, Osaka 553-0003, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation National Hospital Organisation, Osaka Minami Medical Centre, Kidohigashi 2-1, Kawachinagano, Osaka 586-8521, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Fuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Osaka Kosei-nenkin Hospital, Fukushima 4-2-78, Osaka 553-0003, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"42","reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Yonenobu K. 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