{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:40:36Z","timestamp":1775554836654,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We report the use of a free vascularised iliac bone graft in the treatment of 21 patients (19 men and 2 women) with an avascular nonunion of the scaphoid in which conventional bone grafting had previously failed. The mean age of the patients was 32 years (23 to 46) and the dominant wrist was affected in 14. The mean interval from fracture to the vascularised bone grafting was 39 months (9 to 62). Pre-operative MRI showed no contrast enhancement in the proximal fragment in any patient. Fracture union was assessed radiologically or with CT scans if the radiological appearances were inconclusive. <\/jats:p><jats:p> At a mean follow-up of 5.6 years (2 to 11) union was obtained in 16 patients. The remaining five patients with a persistent nonunion continued to experience pain, reduced grip strength and limited range of wrist movement. In the successfully treated patients the grip strength and range of movement did not recover to match the uninjured side. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Prevention of progressive carpal collapse, the absence of donor site morbidity, good subjective results and pain relief, justifies this procedure in the treatment of recalcitrant nonunion of the scaphoid. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.92b2.22367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,4]],"date-time":"2010-02-04T03:05:19Z","timestamp":1265252719000},"page":"224-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Free vascularised iliac bone graft for recalcitrant avascular nonunion of the scaphoid"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"92-B","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Krappinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Niederwanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gabl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"42","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooney WP, Linscheid RL, Dobyns JH. Scaphoid fractures: problems associated with nonunion and avascular necrosis. Orthop Clin North Am 1984;15:381\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31322-5"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osterman AL, Mikulics M. Scaphoid nonunion. Hand Clin 1988;4:437\u201355.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01161-6"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mack GR, Bosse MJ, Gelberman RH, Yu E. The natural history of scaphoid non-union. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1984;66-A:504\u20139.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466040-00003"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(85)80191-X"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B2.18059"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2006.10.010"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B12.20808"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199407000-00001"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.04.007"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bynum EB, Culp RW, Bonatus TJ, Alexander CE, McCarroll HR. Repeat Russe bone grafting after failed bone graft surgery for scaphoid non-union. J Hand Surg [Br] 1995;20:373\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80096-8"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2000.jhsu25a0322"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.1.1740141"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(96)80076-7"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacDermid JC, Richards RS, Donner A, Bellamy N, Roth JH. Responsiveness of the short form-36, disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire, patient-rated wrist evaluation, and physical impairment measurements in evaluating recovery after distal radius fracture. J Hand Surg [Am] 2000;25:250-330-40.","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2000.jhsu25a0330"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(78)80089-6"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watson HK, Ryu J. Evolution of arthritis of the wrist. Clin Orthop 1986;202:57\u201367.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198601000-00008"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linscheid RL, Dobyns JH, Beabout JW, Bryan RS. Traumatic instability of the wrist: diagnosis, classification, and pathomechanics. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2002;84\u2013A:142.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200201000-00020"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2001.0596"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbert TJ. Natural history of scaphoid nonunion: a critical analysis. J Hand Surg [Am] 1994;19:155\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90239-9"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(97)80051-4"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(89)80078-4"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80029-6"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(88)80116-3"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2001.0570"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2002.0808"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dell PC, Burchardt H, Glowczewski FP Jr. A roentgenographic, biomechanical, and histological evaluation of vascularized and non-vascularized segmental fibular canine autografts. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1985;67-A:105\u201312.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567010-00013"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chacha PB. Vascularised pedicular bone grafts. Int Orthop 1984;8:117\u201338.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00265834"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80049-1"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80048-X"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.70B5.3192587"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guimberteau JC, Panconi B. Recalcitrant non-union of the scaphoid treated with a vascularized bone graft based on the ulnar artery. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1990;72-A:88\u201397.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072010-00015"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(91)90017-6"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2005.09.012"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(92)90131-K"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schnitzler CM, Biddulph SL, Mesquita JM, Gear KA. Bone structure and turnover in the distal radius and iliac crest: a histomorphometric study. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1761\u20138.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650111120"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(87)80198-3"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinmann SP, Bishop AT, Berger RA. Use of the 1, 2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery as a vascularized pedicle bone graft for difficult scaphoid non-union. J Hand Surg [Am] 2002;27:391\u2013401.","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32077"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B5.18183"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.34372"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.1302\/0301-620X.92B2.22367","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1302\/0301-620X.92B2.22367","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.1302\/0301-620X.92B2.22367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T18:00:24Z","timestamp":1629136824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/10.1302\/0301-620X.92B2.22367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1302\/0301-620X.92B2.22367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.92b2.22367","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-620X","2044-5377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-5377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}}}