{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T10:27:00Z","timestamp":1774348020763,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Hip simulators have been used for ten years to determine the tribological performance of large-head metal-on-metal devices using traditional test conditions. However, the hip simulator protocols were originally developed to test metal-on-polyethylene devices. We have used patient activity data to develop a more physiologically relevant test protocol for metal-on-metal devices. This includes stop\/start motion, a more appropriate walking frequency, and alternating kinetic and kinematic profiles. <\/jats:p><jats:p> There has been considerable discussion about the effect of heat treatments on the wear of metal-on-metal cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) devices. Clinical studies have shown a higher rate of wear, levels of metal ions and rates of failure for the heat-treated metal compared to the as-cast metal CoCrMo devices. However, hip simulator studies in vitro under traditional testing conditions have thus far not been able to demonstrate a difference between the wear performance of these implants. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Using a physiologically relevant test protocol, we have shown that heat treatment of metal-on-metal CoCrMo devices adversely affects their wear performance and generates significantly higher wear rates and levels of metal ions than in as-cast metal implants. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.92b5.23320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,30]],"date-time":"2010-04-30T23:25:18Z","timestamp":1272669918000},"page":"717-725","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Tribological performance of various CoCr microstructures in metal-on-metal bearings"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"92-B","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Kamali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Implant Development Centre, Smith and Nephew Orthopaedics, Aurora House, Spa Park, Harrison Way, Leamington Spa CV31 3HL, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implant Development Centre, Smith and Nephew Orthopaedics, Aurora House, Spa Park, Harrison Way, Leamington Spa CV31 3HL, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implant Development Centre, Smith and Nephew Orthopaedics, Aurora House, Spa Park, Harrison Way, Leamington Spa CV31 3HL, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Pamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implant Development Centre, Smith and Nephew Orthopaedics, Aurora House, Spa Park, Harrison Way, Leamington Spa CV31 3HL, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Ziaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The McMinn Centre, 25 Highfield Road, Birmingham B15 3DP, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The McMinn Centre, 25 Highfield Road, Birmingham B15 3DP, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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