{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T04:11:55Z","timestamp":1770523915319,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A high rate of complications is associated with open reduction and internal fixation of Sanders type 4 fractures of the calcaneum. We assessed the long-term outcome of 83 Sanders type 4 comminuted intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum in 64 patients who underwent non-operative treatment between 1999 and 2005. Each fracture was treated by closed reduction and immobilisation in a long leg cast. Patients were reviewed every three months in the first year, and every six months thereafter. At each visit, the involved ankles were assessed by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) criteria. The degree of fracture healing and the presence of osteoarthritis were assessed. <\/jats:p><jats:p> At a mean follow-up of 51 months (24 to 70) the mean AOFAS score was 72 (52 to 92). Osteoarthritis was scored radiologically using Graves\u2019 classification and was evident in the subtalar joints of 75 ankles (90%) on x-ray and in all ankles on CT scans, of which 20 were grade 0 or 1, 39 grade 2, and 24 grade 3. <\/jats:p><jats:p> A non-operative approach to treating these fractures may be simpler, less expensive, easier to administer with fewer complications, and may be better tolerated than surgery, by many patients. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.93b7.24535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,25]],"date-time":"2011-06-25T21:07:37Z","timestamp":1309036057000},"page":"975-979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Long-term results of conservative treatment of Sanders type 4 fractures of the calcaneum"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"93-B","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Gurkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinics, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Bulvari (Vatan Cad.), P.K. 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinics, Dr Lufti Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Cd. E-5 Karayolu Cevizli Mevkii, 34890 Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Orhun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinics, Dr Lufti Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Cd. E-5 Karayolu Cevizli Mevkii, 34890 Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Sari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinics, Dr Lufti Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Cd. E-5 Karayolu Cevizli Mevkii, 34890 Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bulbul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bezmi Alem Valide Sultan Vakif Gureba Education and Research Hospital, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Aydogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinics, Faculty of Medicine, Bilim University, B\u00fcy\u00fckdere Cad. No.120, 34394 Esentepe Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"42","reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Sanders RW, Clare MP. Fractures of the calcaneus. In: Bucholz RW, Heckman JD, Court-Brown CM, Tornetta P, eds. Rockwood and Green\u2019s fractures in adults. Vol. 2. Sixth ed. 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