{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T07:06:36Z","timestamp":1765177596075},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We conducted a prospective follow-up MRI study of originally asymptomatic healthy subjects to clarify the development of Modic changes in the cervical spine over a ten-year period and to identify related factors. Previously, 497 asymptomatic healthy volunteers with no history of cervical trauma or surgery underwent MRI. Of these, 223 underwent a second MRI at a mean follow-up of 11.6 years (10 to 12.7). These 223 subjects comprised 133 men and 100 women with a mean age at second MRI of 50.5 years (23 to 83). Modic changes were classified as not present and types 1 to 3. Changes in Modic types over time and relationships between Modic changes and progression of degeneration of the disc or clinical symptoms were evaluated. A total of 31 subjects (13.9%) showed Modic changes at follow-up: type 1 in nine, type 2 in 18, type 3 in two, and types 1 and 2 in two. Modic changes at follow-up were significantly associated with numbness or pain in the arm, but not with neck pain or shoulder stiffness. Age (\u2265 40 years), gender (male), and pre-existing disc degeneration were significantly associated with newly developed Modic changes. <\/jats:p><jats:p> In the cervical spine over a ten-year period, type 2 Modic changes developed most frequently. Newly developed Modic changes were significantly associated with age, gender, and pre-existing disc degeneration. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.94b5.28519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T13:59:45Z","timestamp":1335189585000},"page":"678-683","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Modic changes in the cervical spine"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"94-B","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University, Department\rof Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University, Department\rof Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Ichihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University, Department\rof Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University, Department\rof Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Toyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University, Department\rof Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University, Department\rof Diagnostic Radiology, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Momoshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University, Department\rof Diagnostic Radiology, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Nishiwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toho University, Department\rof Environmental and Occupational Health, Ohmori\rNishi 6-11-1, Ota-ku, Tokyo\r143-8541, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Takahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isehara Kyodo Hospital, Sakuradai\r2-17-1, Isehara City, Kanagawa\r259-1132, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"42","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336678"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.1.3289089"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0758-y"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000261561.12944.ff"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1184-5"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.03.019"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.05.250"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0185-x"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-008-0611-8"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-004-0780-z"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050091"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2503080474"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000224167.18483.14"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31821604b6"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819c2003"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B1.0800019"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b8a80d"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c17067"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ef6a1e"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2006.11.013"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 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