{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T20:21:12Z","timestamp":1773606072800,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["online.boneandjoint.org.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Bone &amp; Joint Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Clinicians are often asked by patients, \u201cWhen can I drive again?\u201d after lower limb injury or surgery. This question is difficult to answer in the absence of any guidelines. This review aims to collate the currently available evidence and discuss the factors that influence the decision to allow a patient to return to driving. Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched using the following terms: \u2018brake reaction time\u2019, \u2018brake response time\u2019, \u2018braking force\u2019, \u2018brake pedal force\u2019, \u2018resume driving\u2019, \u2018rate of application of force\u2019, \u2018driving after injury\u2019, \u2018joint replacement and driving\u2019, and \u2018fracture and driving\u2019. Of the relevant literature identified, most studies used the brake reaction time and total brake time as the outcome measures. Varying recovery periods were proposed based on the type and severity of injury or surgery. Surveys of the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency, the Police, insurance companies in the United Kingdom and Orthopaedic Surgeons offered a variety of opinions. <\/jats:p><jats:p> There is currently insufficient evidence for any authoritative body to determine fitness to drive. The lack of guidance could result in patients being withheld from driving for longer than is necessary, or returning to driving while still unsafe. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:290\u20134. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.95b3.29540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T17:47:06Z","timestamp":1362073626000},"page":"290-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["\u201cWhen can I return to driving?\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"95-B","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"MacLeod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Orthopaedics, Royal\rNational Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, Brockley\rHill, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, School\rof Medicine, Hodgkin Building, Guy\u2019s\rCampus, London SE1 1UL, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Chatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, Department\rof Orthopaedics, Aintree, Longmoor\rLane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham University Hospital, Department\rof Orthopaedics, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5\r1PB, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Parkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne\rHouse, Nine Mile Road, Wokingham, Berkshire\rRG40 3GA, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Grange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta, Rehabilitation\rRobotics Sandbox, ECHA, Faculty\rof Rehabilitations, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Smitham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Orthopaedics, Royal\rNational Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, Brockley\rHill, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"42","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)00153-4"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B5.8083265"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01633"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1507-1"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200307000-00001"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31811eaab8"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000072468.32680.ff"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(00)90028-8"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670050192"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00552"},{"key":"r11","first-page":"127","volume":"85","author":"Kane TPC","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-267"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.70B2.3346288"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2008.02.008"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.10.025"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670000115"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.04.015"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00225"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(03)00326-7"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.05.039"},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.08.012"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00431"},{"key":"r23","unstructured":"No authors listed. Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency: at a glance guide to the current medical standards of fitness to drive. http:\/\/www.dft.gov.uk\/dvla\/medical\/ataglance.aspx (date last accessed 13 September 2012)."},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.11.009"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(96)00054-X"},{"key":"r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2010.01.006"},{"key":"r27","unstructured":"Driving Standards Agency. The Official Highway Code. 15th ed. The Stationary Office: London, 2007."}],"container-title":["The Bone &amp; Joint Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.1302\/0301-620X.95B3.29540","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1302\/0301-620X.95B3.29540","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.1302\/0301-620X.95B3.29540","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T23:38:45Z","timestamp":1634600325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/10.1302\/0301-620X.95B3.29540"}},"subtitle":["A review of the current literature on returning to driving after lower limb injury or arthroplasty"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1302\/0301-620X.95B3.29540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.95b3.29540","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-4394","2049-4408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-4394","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-4408","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-03-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-09-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-03-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}