{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:18:23Z","timestamp":1793423903207,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["online.boneandjoint.org.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Bone &amp; Joint Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We hypothesised that a large acromial cover with an upwardly tilted glenoid fossa would be associated with degenerative rotator cuff tears (RCTs), and conversely, that a short acromion with an inferiorly inclined glenoid would be associated with glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA). This hypothesis was tested using a new radiological parameter, the critical shoulder angle (CSA), which combines the measurements of inclination of the glenoid and the lateral extension of the acromion (the acromion index).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The CSA was measured on standardised radiographs of three groups: 1) a control group of 94 asymptomatic shoulders with normal rotator cuffs and no OA; 2) a group of 102\u00a0shoulders with MRI-documented full-thickness RCTs without OA; and 3) a group of 102\u00a0shoulders with primary OA and no RCTs noted during total shoulder replacement. The mean CSA was 33.1\u00b0 (26.8\u00b0 to 38.6\u00b0) in the control group, 38.0\u00b0 (29.5\u00b0 to 43.5\u00b0) in the RCT group and 28.1\u00b0 (18.6\u00b0 to 35.8\u00b0) in the OA group. Of patients with a CSA &gt; 35\u00b0, 84% were in the RCT group and of those with a CSA &lt; 30\u00b0, 93% were in the OA group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We therefore concluded that primary glenohumeral OA is associated with significantly smaller degenerative RCTs with significantly larger CSAs than asymptomatic shoulders without these pathologies. These findings suggest that individual quantitative anatomy may imply biomechanics that are likely to induce specific types of degenerative joint disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:935\u201341.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.95b7.31028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]],"date-time":"2013-06-27T05:49:11Z","timestamp":1372312151000},"page":"935-941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":556,"title":["Is there an association between the individual anatomy of the scapula and the development of rotator cuff tears or osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint?"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"95-B","author":[{"given":"B. K.","family":"Moor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Z\u00fcrich, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 380, 8008 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bouaicha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Z\u00fcrich, Division of Trauma Surgery, R\u00e4mistrasse 100, 8006 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. A.","family":"Rothenfluh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Z\u00fcrich, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 380, 8008 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sukthankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Z\u00fcrich, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 380, 8008 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Z\u00fcrich, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 380, 8008 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"42","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(99)90093-9"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2013.01.008"},{"key":"r3","first-page":"116","volume":"20","author":"Neer CS 2nd","year":"1961","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456010-00001"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264030-00001"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199005000-00014","volume":"254","author":"Hamada K","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200302000-00016"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(03)00026-0"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)00116-5"},{"key":"r10","first-page":"800","volume":"88","author":"Nyffeler RW","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"r11","first-page":"1","volume":"26","author":"Inman VT","year":"1944","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365040-00005"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274070-00009"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(99)90232-2"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.07.010"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.31B3.436"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254010-00003"},{"key":"r19","first-page":"70","volume":"173","author":"Neer CS 2nd","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"r20","first-page":"228","volume":"10","author":"Bigliani UL","year":"1986","journal-title":"Orthop Trans"},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(05)80038-2"},{"key":"r22","first-page":"228","volume":"10","author":"Aoki M","year":"1986","journal-title":"Orthop Trans"},{"key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80010-4"},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B5.0800813"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(97)90071-9"},{"key":"r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80024-3"},{"key":"r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2001.114681"},{"key":"r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870080-00015"},{"key":"r29","first-page":"439","volume":"38","author":"Nirschl RP","year":"1989","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"}],"container-title":["The Bone &amp; 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