{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T10:05:43Z","timestamp":1793095543442,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["online.boneandjoint.org.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Bone &amp; Joint Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The treatment of infected nonunions is difficult. Antibiotic cement-coated (ACC) rods provide stability as well as delivering antibiotics. We conducted a review of 110 infected nonunions treated with ACC rods. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (67 patients) with an infected arthrodesis, and group B (43 patients) with an infected nonunion in a long bone. In group A, infected arthrodesis, the success rate after the first procedure was 38\/67 (57%), 29\/67 (43%) required further surgery for either control of infection or non-union. At last follow-up, five patients required amputation, representing a limb salvage rate of 62\/67 (93%) overall. In all, 29\/67 (43%) presented with a bone defect with a mean size of 6.78 cm (2 to 25). Of those with a bone defect, 13\/29 (45%) required further surgery and had a mean size of defect of 7.2\u00a0cm (3.5 to 25). The cultures were negative in 17\/67 (26%) and the most common organism cultured was methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (23\/67, (35%)). In group B, long bones nonunion, the success rate after the first procedure was 26\/43 (60%), 17\/43 (40%) required further surgery for either control of infection or nonunion. The limb salvage rate at last follow-up was 43\/43 (100%). A total of 22\/43 (51%) had bone defect with a mean size of 4.7 cm (1.5 to 11.5). Of those patients with a bone defect, 93% required further surgery with a mean size of defect of 5.4 cm (3 to 8.5). The cultures were negative in 10\/43 (24%) and the most common organism cultured was MRSA, 15\/43 (35%). ACC rods are an effective form of treatment for an infected nonunion, with an acceptable rate of complications.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1349\u201354<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.96b10.33799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T14:02:58Z","timestamp":1412172178000},"page":"1349-1354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Antibiotic cement-coated rods"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"96-B","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Conway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Ave, Baltimore, Maryland, 21215, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Ave, Baltimore, Maryland, 21215, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kotze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Ave, Baltimore, Maryland, 21215, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Specht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Ave, Baltimore, Maryland, 21215, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Shabtai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Ave, Baltimore, Maryland, 21215, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"42","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199310000-00007","volume":"295","author":"Evans RP","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0750-0"},{"key":"r3","first-page":"188","volume":"32","author":"Chen WS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31818896cc"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181e00e34"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318225f77c"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodner CM, Browner BD, Pesanti E\u2018Chronic osteomyelitis\u2019. 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