{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:43:56Z","timestamp":1787064236074,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["online.boneandjoint.org.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Bone &amp; Joint Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is controversy whether congenital foot abnormalities are true risk factors for pathological dysplasia of the hip. Previous United Kingdom screening guidelines considered congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) to be a risk factor for hip dysplasia, but present guidelines do not. We assessed the potential relationship between pathological dysplasia of the hip and fixed idiopathic CTEV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We present a single-centre 21-year prospective longitudinal observational study. All fixed idiopathic CTEV cases were classified (Harrold and Walker Types 1 to 3) and the hips clinically and sonographically assessed. Sonographic Graf Type III, IV and radiological irreducible hip dislocation were considered to be pathological hip dysplasia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Over 21 years there were 139 children with 199 cases of fixed idiopathic CTEV feet. Sonographically, there were 259 normal hips, 18 Graf Type II hips, 1 Graf Type III hip and 0 Graf Type IV hip. There were no cases of radiological or sonographic irreducible hip dislocation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Fixed idiopathic CTEV should not be considered as a significant risk factor for pathological hip dysplasia. This conclusion is in keeping with the current newborn and infant physical examination guidelines in which the only risk factors routinely screened are family history and breech presentation. Our findings suggest CTEV should not be considered a significant risk factor in pathological dysplasia of the hip.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1553\u20135.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.96b11.34130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]],"date-time":"2014-11-04T09:48:32Z","timestamp":1415094512000},"page":"1553-1555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Is congenital talipes equinovarus a risk factor for pathological dysplasia of the hip?"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"96-B","author":[{"given":"R. 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A.","family":"Choudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Blackburn Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Haslingden Road, Blackburn BB2 3HH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Jugdey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Blackburn Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Haslingden Road, Blackburn BB2 3HH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Blackburn Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Haslingden Road, Blackburn BB2 3HH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"42","reference":[{"key":"r1","unstructured":"Standing Medical Advisory Committee\n                      Screening for the detection of congenital dislocation of the hip in infants.\n                      London: Department of Health and Social Security, 1969."},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B2.0810255"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B9.16565"},{"key":"r4","unstructured":"Standing Medical Advisory Committee and Standing Nursing and Midwifery Advisory Committee\n                      Screening for the detection of congenital dislocation of the hip.\n                      London. Department of Health and Social Security, 1986."},{"key":"r5","first-page":"E155","volume":"37","author":"Minihane KP","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.9.760"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.46B3.445"},{"key":"r8","first-page":"11","volume":"119","author":"Dunn PM","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197205000-00003"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B11.24719"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B2.2179221"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-013-0523-6"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e3283441030"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B5.22117"},{"key":"r15","unstructured":"No authors listed.\n                      Office for National Statistics: Birth statistics, 2012. http:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/ons\/rel\/vsob1\/birth-statistics-england-and-wales-series-fm1-\/ (date last accessed 24 July 2014)."},{"key":"r16","first-page":"522","volume":"77","author":"Boden RA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belgica"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.65B1.6822607"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-001-0248-y"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-199302020-00005"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.44B2.292"},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2171(05)80085-X"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.67B3.3889008"},{"key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199208000-00005","volume":"281","author":"Harcke HT","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60710-7"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B2.14067"},{"key":"r26","unstructured":"Wilson J, Jungner GPublic health papers number 34. Principles and practice of screening for disease. World Health Organization, Geneva, WHO, 1968."},{"key":"r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andermann A, Blancquaert I, Beauchamp S, D\u00e9ry VRevisiting Wilson and Jungner in the genomic age: a review of screening criteria over the past 40 years. World Health Organization. http:\/\/www.who.int\/bulletin\/volumes\/86\/4\/07-050112\/en\/ (date last accessed 23 September 2014).","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.050112"},{"key":"r28","unstructured":"No authors listed.\n                      NIPE: UK National Screening Committee Newborn and Infant Physical Examination Standards and Competencies. NHS, 2008."},{"key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200303000-00025"},{"key":"r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.46B3.445"},{"key":"r31","unstructured":"Staheli L\n                      Pediatric Orthopaedic Secrets\n                      . 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