{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:21:04Z","timestamp":1793370064244,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["online.boneandjoint.org.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Bone &amp; Joint Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates and defines the topographic anatomy of the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) terminal branches supplying the femoral head (FH). Gross dissection of 14 fresh\u2013frozen cadaveric hips was undertaken to determine the extra and intracapsular course of the MFCA\u2019s terminal branches. A constant branch arising from the transverse MFCA (inferior retinacular artery; IRA) penetrates the capsule at the level of the anteroinferior neck, then courses obliquely within the fibrous prolongation of the capsule wall (inferior retinacula of Weitbrecht), elevated from the neck, to the posteroinferior femoral head\u2013neck junction. This vessel has a mean of five (three to nine) terminal branches, of which the majority penetrate posteriorly. Branches from the ascending MFCA entered the femoral capsular attachment posteriorly, running deep to the synovium, through the neck, and terminating in two branches. The deep MFCA penetrates the posterosuperior femoral capsular. Once intracapsular, it divides into a mean of six (four to nine) terminal branches running deep to the synovium, within the superior retinacula of Weitbrecht of which 80% are posterior. Our study defines the exact anatomical location of the vessels, arising from the MFCA and supplying the FH. The IRA is in an elevated position from the femoral neck and may be protected from injury during fracture of the femoral neck. We present vascular \u2018danger zones\u2019 that may help avoid iatrogenic vascular injury during surgical interventions about the hip.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1204\u201313.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.97b9.34704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T06:47:59Z","timestamp":1441090079000},"page":"1204-1213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["The terminal branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"97-B","author":[{"given":"L. E.","family":"Lazaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, 535\rEast 70th street, New York, 10021, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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