{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:11:00Z","timestamp":1793171460364,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["online.boneandjoint.org.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Bone &amp; Joint Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to report the outcome following primary fixation or a staged protocol for type C fractures of the tibial plafond.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied all patients who sustained a complex intra-articular fracture (AO type C) of the distal tibia over an 11-year period. The primary short-term outcome was infection. The primary long-term outcome was the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 102 type C pilon fractures in 99 patients, whose mean age was 42 years (16\u00a0to\u00a086) and 77 were male. Primary open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) was performed in 73\u00a0patients (71.6%), whilst 20 (19.6%) underwent primary external fixation with delayed ORIF. There were 18 wound infections (17.6%). A total of nine (8.8%) were deep and nine were superficial. Infection was associated with comorbidities (p = 0.008), open fractures (p\u00a0=\u00a00.008) and primary external fixation with delayed ORIF (p = 0.023). At a mean of six years (0.3 to 13; n = 53) after the injury, the mean FAOS was 76.2 (0 to 100) and 72% of patients were satisfied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is currently the largest series reporting the outcome following fixation of complex AO type C tibial pilon fractures. Despite the severity of these injuries, we have demonstrated that a satisfactory outcome can be achieved in the appropriate patients using primary ORIF. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1106\u201311.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.98b8.36400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T08:13:09Z","timestamp":1470039189000},"page":"1106-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Type C tibial pilon fractures"],"prefix":"10.1302","volume":"98-B","author":[{"given":"A. D.","family":"Duckworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit, Royal\rInfirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France\rCrescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SU, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. G.","family":"Jefferies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery,\rQueen Elizabeth University Hospital, 1345\rGovan Road, Glasgow, G51\r4TF, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. D.","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit, Royal\rInfirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France\rCrescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SU, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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