{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:35:09Z","timestamp":1790681709243,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/TDM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["online.boneandjoint.org.uk"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bone &amp; Joint Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to ensure safety of the cell-based therapy for bone regeneration, we examined in vivo biodistribution of locally or systemically transplanted osteoblast-like cells generated from bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>BM cells obtained from a total of 13 Sprague-Dawley (SD) green fluorescent protein transgenic (GFP-Tg) rats were culture-expanded in an osteogenic differentiation medium for three weeks. Osteoblast-like cells were then locally transplanted with collagen scaffolds to the rat model of segmental bone defect. Donor cells were also intravenously infused to the normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for systemic biodistribution. The flow cytometric and histological analyses were performed for cellular tracking after transplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Locally transplanted donor cells remained within the vicinity of the transplantation site without migrating to other organs. Systemically administered large amounts of osteoblast-like cells were cleared from various organ tissues within three days of transplantation and did not show any adverse effects in the transplanted rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated a precise assessment of donor cell biodistribution that further augments prospective utility of regenerative cell therapy. 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