{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:42:06Z","timestamp":1790674926778,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3664,"URL":"http:\/\/www.creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ankle sprains fall into two main categories: acute ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability, which are among the most common recurrent injuries during occupational activities, athletic events, training and army service. Acute ankle sprain is usually managed conservatively and functional rehabilitation failure by conservative treatment leads to development of chronic ankle instability, which most often requires surgical intervention. Enhancing the in-depth knowledge of the ankle anatomy, biomechanics and pathology helps greatly in deciding the management options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cite this article: Al-Mohrej OA, Al-Kenani NS. Acute ankle sprain: conservative or surgical approach? EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:34-44. DOI: 10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000010.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T13:24:33Z","timestamp":1457011473000},"page":"34-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Acute ankle sprain: conservative or surgical approach?"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Omar A.","family":"Al-Mohrej","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader S.","family":"Al-Kenani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr1-2058-5241.1.000010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198315030-00014","article-title":"Soccer injuries and their mechanisms: a prospective study","volume":"15","author":"Ekstrand","year":"1983","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr2-2058-5241.1.000010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509339357","article-title":"Sports injuries during the Summer Olympic Games 2008","volume":"37","author":"Junge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr3-2058-5241.1.000010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2006.06.001","article-title":"Anatomic factors and biomechanics in ankle instability","volume":"11","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr4-2058-5241.1.000010","first-page":"1101","article-title":"Athletic injuries to the soft tissues of the foot and ankle","volume-title":"Surgery of the foot and ankle","author":"Clanton","year":"1999","edition":"7th ed."},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr5-2058-5241.1.000010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658100900206","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of squash injuries","volume":"9","author":"Berson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr6-2058-5241.1.000010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500204","article-title":"Epidemiology of sprains in the lateral ankle and foot","volume":"15","author":"H\u00f8lmer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr7-2058-5241.1.000010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.3.233","article-title":"The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: an analysis of ankle sprains","volume":"37","author":"Woods","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr8-2058-5241.1.000010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01537","article-title":"The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States","volume":"92-A","author":"Waterman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr9-2058-5241.1.000010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.20.6.508","article-title":"Population based epidemiology of ankle sprains attending accident and emergency units in the West Midlands of England, and a survey of UK practice for severe ankle sprains","volume":"20","author":"Bridgman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr10-2058-5241.1.000010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737010-00006","article-title":"A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports","volume":"37","author":"Fong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr11-2058-5241.1.000010","first-page":"117","article-title":"Joints and movements of the foot: terminology and concepts","volume":"25","author":"Huson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Morphol Neerl Scand"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr12-2058-5241.1.000010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1995.21.6.361","article-title":"The subtalar joint: anatomy and joint motion","volume":"21","author":"Rockar","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr13-2058-5241.1.000010","first-page":"364","article-title":"Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability","volume":"37","author":"Hertel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2026070711113437600_bibr14-2058-5241.1.000010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658501300502","article-title":"Stability of the loaded ankle. 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