{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T06:24:19Z","timestamp":1793514259951,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3451,"URL":"http:\/\/www.creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Distal biceps tendon (DBT) conditions comprise a spectrum of disorders including bicipitoradial bursitis, partial tears, acute and chronic complete tears. In low-demand patients with complete DBT tears, non-operative treatment may be entertained provided the patient understands the potential for residual weakness, particularly in forearm supination. Most acute tears are best treated by primary repair using either single-incision or double-incision techniques with good clinical outcomes. Single-incision techniques may carry a higher risk of nerve-related complications, whereas double-incision techniques have historically been considered to carry a higher risk of heterotopic ossification, particularly if the ulna is exposed. Various fixation techniques, including bone tunnels, cortical buttons, suture anchors, interference screws or a combination seem to provide different fixation strength but similar clinical outcomes. Some chronic tears may be repaired primarily, provided tendon tissue can be identified; alternatively, autograft or allograft reconstruction can be considered, and good outcomes have been reported with both techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cite this article: Alentorn-Geli E, Assenmacher AT, Sanchez-Sotelo J. Distal biceps tendon injuries: a clinically relevant current concepts review. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:316-324. DOI: 10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000053.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T20:49:29Z","timestamp":1474318169000},"page":"316-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Distal biceps tendon injuries: A clinically relevant current concepts review"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Eduard","family":"Alentorn-Geli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Assenmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Sotelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr1-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515587738","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon ruptures: an epidemiological analysis using a large population database","volume":"43","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr2-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01213","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon injuries","volume":"92-A","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr3-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201003000-00003","article-title":"Surgical treatment of distal biceps rupture","volume":"18","author":"Sutton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr4-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00481","article-title":"Repair techniques for acute distal biceps tendon ruptures: a systematic review","volume":"96-A","author":"Watson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr5-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.05.027","article-title":"The distal biceps tendon: footprint and relevant clinical anatomy","volume":"32","author":"Athwal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr6-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31802f78aa","article-title":"Anatomy of the distal biceps brachii tendon and its clinical relevance","volume":"456","author":"Kulshreshtha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr7-2058-5241.1.000053","article-title":"Clinical relevance of distal biceps insertional and footprint anatomy","author":"van den Bekerom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr8-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.04.030","article-title":"Anatomic and biomechanical analysis of the short and long head components of the distal biceps tendon","volume":"21","author":"Jarrett","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr9-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.07.004","article-title":"Anatomy of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous and superficial radial nerves in the forearm: a cadaveric and clinical study","volume":"30","author":"Beldner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr10-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80062-0","article-title":"Compression of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve by the biceps tendon","volume":"5","author":"Gillingham","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr11-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00436","article-title":"Single versus double-incision technique for the repair of acute distal biceps tendon ruptures: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"94-A","author":"Grewal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr12-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3181824eb0","article-title":"Complications of distal biceps tendon repairs","volume":"16","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr13-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01242","article-title":"Variations in the anatomic relations of the posterior interosseous nerve associated with proximal forearm trauma","volume":"93-A","author":"Calfee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr14-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508324694","article-title":"The effect of repair of the lacertus fibrosus on distal biceps tendon repairs: a biomechanical, functional, and anatomic study","volume":"37","author":"Landa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr15-2058-5241.1.000053","first-page":"1044","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon anatomy: a cadaveric study","volume":"89-A","author":"Eames","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr16-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3181824e76","article-title":"Operative treatment of chronic distal biceps tendon ruptures","volume":"16","author":"Hamer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr17-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199905000-00006","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon injuries: diagnosis and management","volume":"7","author":"Ramsey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr18-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507305016","article-title":"The hook test for distal biceps tendon avulsion","volume":"35","author":"O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr19-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7302","article-title":"The role of sonography in differentiating full versus partial distal biceps tendon tears: correlation with surgical findings","volume":"200","author":"Lobo","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr20-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.4.1820944","article-title":"Optimal positioning for MRI of the distal biceps brachii tendon: flexed abducted supinated view","volume":"182","author":"Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr21-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01150","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment of distal biceps tendon ruptures compared with a historical control group","volume":"91-A","author":"Freeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr22-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.06.001","article-title":"Elbow strength and endurance in patients with a ruptured distal biceps tendon","volume":"19","author":"Nesterenko","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr23-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.06.051","article-title":"Anatomic repair of the distal biceps tendon cannot be consistently performed through a classic single-incision suture anchor technique","volume":"23","author":"Hansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr24-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.09.039","article-title":"Proper placement of the distal biceps tendon during repair improves supination strength\u2013a biomechanical analysis","volume":"24","author":"Prud\u2019homme-Foster","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr25-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2003.50081","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon repair: comparison of surgical techniques","volume":"28","author":"El-Hawary","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr26-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.06.049","article-title":"A comparison of cortical button with interference screw versus suture anchor techniques for distal biceps brachii tendon repairs","volume":"23","author":"Olsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr27-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515570465","article-title":"Distal biceps brachii tendon repairs: a single-incision technique using a cortical button with interference screw versus a double-incision technique using suture fixation through bone tunnels","volume":"43","author":"Shields","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr28-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.02.006","article-title":"Re-rupture rate of primarily repaired distal biceps tendon injuries","volume":"23","author":"Hinchey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr29-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.10.004","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon reconstruction in chronic ruptures","volume":"15","author":"Darlis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr30-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.12.030","article-title":"Primary repair of retracted distal biceps tendon ruptures in extreme flexion","volume":"23","author":"Morrey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr31-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.01.032","article-title":"Repair of chronic distal biceps tendon ruptures using autologous hamstring graft and the Endobutton","volume":"13","author":"Hallam","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr32-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200206000-00015","article-title":"Reconstruction of chronic ruptures of the distal biceps tendon with use of an achilles tendon allograft","volume":"84-A","author":"Sanchez-Sotelo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr33-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513502306","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after chronic distal biceps reconstruction with allografts","volume":"41","author":"Snir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr34-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.12.019","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon reconstruction with tendoachilles allograft: a modification of the endobutton technique utilizing an ACL reconstruction system","volume":"34","author":"Patterson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr35-2058-5241.1.000053","first-page":"143","article-title":"Partial rupture of the distal biceps tendon","volume":"1991","author":"Bourne","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr36-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80034-6","article-title":"Partial rupture of the distal biceps tendon","volume":"5","author":"Rokito","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr37-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(03)00052-1","article-title":"Surgical treatment of partial distal biceps tendon ruptures through a single posterior incision","volume":"12","author":"Kelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr38-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/00132589-200609000-00004","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon endoscopy and anterior elbow arthroscopy portal","volume":"7","author":"Eames","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tech Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr39-2058-5241.1.000053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e318183eb60","article-title":"Treatment of partial distal biceps tendon tears","volume":"16","author":"Bain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc"},{"key":"2026070711123511400_bibr40-2058-5241.1.000053","first-page":"267","article-title":"Repair of distal biceps tendon rupture","volume-title":"Master\u2019s technique in orthopaedic surgery. The elbow","author":"Morrey","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["EFORT Open Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000053","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000053","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eor\/article-pdf\/1\/9\/316\/11703\/2058-5241.1.000053.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eor\/article-pdf\/1\/9\/316\/11703\/2058-5241.1.000053.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:46:08Z","timestamp":1783439168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eor\/article\/1\/9\/316\/1693\/Distal-biceps-tendon-injuries-A-clinically"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000053","relation":{},"ISSN":["2058-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2058-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]}}}