{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:20:04Z","timestamp":1787959204526,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3086,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Oncological management of skeletal metastases has changed dramatically in the last few decades. A significant number of patients survive for many years with their metastases. Surgeons are more active and the technical repertoire is broader, from plates to intramedullary devices to (tumour) endoprostheses. The philosophy of treatment should be different in the case of a trauma-related fracture and a pathological fracture. A proper algorithm for establishing a diagnosis and evaluation of prognostic factors helps in planning the surgical intervention. The aim of palliative surgery is usually to eliminate pain and to allow the patient to regain his\/her mobility as well as to improve the quality of life through minimally invasive techniques using life-long durable devices. In a selected group of patients with an oncologically controlled primary tumour site and a solitary bone metastasis with positive prognostic factors, which meet the criteria for radical excision (approximately 10% to 15% of the cases), a promising three to five years of survival may be achieved, especially in cases of metastases from breast and kidney cancer. Spinal metastases require meticulous evaluation because decisions on treatment mostly depend on the tumour type, segmental stability, the patient\u2019s symptoms and general state of health. Advanced radiotherapy combined with minimally invasive surgical techniques (minimally invasive stabilisation and separation surgery) provides durable local control with a low complication rate in a number of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:372-381.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.2.170006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T20:20:19Z","timestamp":1504297219000},"page":"372-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Diagnostic algorithm, prognostic factors and surgical treatment of metastatic cancer diseases of the long bones and spine"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Szendr\u0151i","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, \u00dcll\u0151i 78\/b, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imre","family":"Antal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, \u00dcll\u0151i 78\/b, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Szendr\u0151i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, \u00dcll\u0151i 78\/b, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ron","family":"Laz\u00e1ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Kir\u00e1lyh\u00e1g\u00f3 u.1., Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter P\u00e1l","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Kir\u00e1lyh\u00e1g\u00f3 u.1., Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr1-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2013.02.008","article-title":"Insight opinion to surgically treated metastatic bone disease: Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Skeletal Metastasis Registry report of 1195 operated skeletal metastasis","volume":"22","author":"Ratasvuori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr2-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000008","article-title":"Treatment of pathological fractures of the long bones","volume":"1","author":"Willeumier","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr3-2058-5241.2.170006","first-page":"1518","article-title":"Metastatic bone disease: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment","volume":"91-A","author":"Biermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr4-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00175","article-title":"Surgical management of metastatic bone disease","author":"Bickels","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr5-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cuor.2006.03.005","article-title":"Management of metastatic disease of the appendicular skeleton","volume":"20","author":"Ashford","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Orthop"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr6-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000037","DOI":"10.1136\/esmoopen-2016-000037","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis: comprehensive guideline of the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology, Japanese Orthopedic Association, Japanese Urological Association, and Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology","volume":"1","author":"Shibata","year":"2016","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr7-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.09.018","article-title":"Protocol of surgical treatment of long bone pathological fractures","volume":"41","author":"Ruggieri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr8-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198912000-00027","article-title":"Metastatic disease in long bones. A proposed scoring system for diagnosing impending pathologic fractures","volume":"249","author":"Mirels","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr9-2058-5241.2.170006","first-page":"35","article-title":"The multi-modal approach to metastatic diseases","volume-title":"European Intructional Lectures","author":"Laitinen"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr10-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019956","article-title":"Estimating survival in patients with operable skeletal metastases: an application of a bayesian belief network","volume":"6","author":"Forsberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr11-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.292","article-title":"New prognostic factors and scoring system for patients with skeletal metastasis","volume":"3","author":"Katagiri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr12-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.07.051","article-title":"An easy tool to predict survival in patients receiving radiation therapy for painful bone metastases","volume":"90","author":"Westhoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr13-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4446-z","article-title":"Marshall Urist Young Investigator Award: prognostication in patients with long bone metastases: does a boosting algorithm improve survival estimates?","volume":"473","author":"Janssen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr14-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not318","article-title":"Prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with symptomatic spinal bone metastases: a retrospective cohort study of 1,043 patients","volume":"16","author":"Bollen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr15-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.10.060","article-title":"Survival and prognostic classification of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma of bone","volume":"52","author":"Toyoda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr16-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-493","article-title":"External validation of the Bayesian Estimated Tools for Survival (BETS) models in patients with surgically treated skeletal metastases","volume":"12","author":"Forsberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr17-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6072","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.08.104","article-title":"Survival in patients operated on for pathologic fracture: implications for end-of-life orthopedic care","volume":"23","author":"Nathan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr18-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.03.036","article-title":"Metastatic bone disease: A review of survival, prognostic factors and outcomes following surgical treatment of the appendicular skeleton","volume":"42","author":"Kirkinis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr19-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470410001708270","article-title":"The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group skeletal metastasis register. Survival after surgery for bone metastases in the pelvis and extermities","volume":"75","author":"Hansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr20-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-009-9184-7","article-title":"Prognostic factors and survival of renal clear cell carcinoma patients with bone metastases","volume":"16","author":"Szendr\u0151i","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr21-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200203000-00029","article-title":"Surgical treatment of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer","volume":"396","author":"D\u00fcrr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr22-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-12-330","article-title":"Modular tumor endoprostheses in surgical palliation of long-bone metastases: a reduction in tumor burden and a durable reconstruction","volume":"12","author":"Henrichs","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr23-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2014.02.012","article-title":"Skeletal metastases in 301 breast cancer patients: patient survival and complications after surgery","volume":"23","author":"Weiss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr24-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B4.0840521","article-title":"The surgical treatment of bony metastases of the spine and limbs","volume":"84-B","author":"B\u00f6hm","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr25-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B5.16021","article-title":"Controversies in the surgical management of skeletal metastases","volume":"87-B","author":"Bauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr26-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200708000-00018","article-title":"Patient survival after surgery for osseous metastases from renal cell carcinoma","volume":"89-A","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr27-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198210000-00007","article-title":"Prognostic significance of morphologic parameters in renal cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Fuhrman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr28-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2014.05.005","article-title":"Incidence of bone metastases and survival after a diagnosis of bone metastases in breast cancer patients","volume":"38","author":"Harries","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr29-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2013.54.5.1168","article-title":"Prognostic factors for patients with bone-only metastasis in breast cancer","volume":"54","author":"Ahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr30-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2013.08.001","article-title":"Massive endoprosthetic replacement for bone metastases resulting from renal cell carcinoma: factors influencing patient survival","volume":"40","author":"Hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr31-2058-5241.2.170006","first-page":"3279","article-title":"Natural history of skeletal-related events in patients with breast, lung, or prostate cancer and metastases to bone: a 15-year study in two large US health systems","volume":"21","author":"Oster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr32-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-007-0051-0","article-title":"Predictors of survival in patients with bone metastasis of lung cancer","volume":"466","author":"Sugiura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr33-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.552779","article-title":"Surgery for skeletal metastases in lung cancer","volume":"82","author":"Weiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr34-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-2038-0","article-title":"Endoprostheses last longer than intramedullary devices in proximal femur metastases","volume":"470","author":"Harvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr35-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.22061","article-title":"Survival analysis of patients with femoral metastases","volume":"105","author":"Mavrogenis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr36-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.06.019","article-title":"Complications and survival after surgical treatment of 214 metastatic lesions of the humerus","volume":"21","author":"Wedin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr37-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyu099","article-title":"Clinical outcome after bone metastasis (BM) surgery in patients with differenciated thyroid carcinoma (DTC): a retrospective study of 40 cases","volume":"44","author":"Nakayama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr38-2058-5241.2.170006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metastasen der Extremit\u00e4ten","volume-title":"DerUnfallchirurg","author":"Liska","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr39-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B12.16629","article-title":"Surgical treatment of skeletal metastatic lesions of the proximal femur: endoprosthesis or reconstruction nail?","volume":"87-B","author":"Wedin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr40-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163040-00017","article-title":"The management of acetabular insufficiency secondary to metastatic malignant disease","volume":"63-A","author":"Harrington","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr41-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19971015)80:8+<1614::AID-CNCR12>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Orthopedic surgical management of skeletal complications of malignancy","volume":"80","author":"Harrington","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr42-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B1.19892","article-title":"The three-pin modified \u2018Harrington\u2019 procedure for advanced metastatic destruction of the acetabulum","volume":"90-B","author":"Tillman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr43-2058-5241.2.170006","first-page":"1158","article-title":"Surgical treatment of metastatic fractures of the femur: a retrospective analysis of 142 patients","volume":"66","author":"Sarahrudi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr44-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2656-1","article-title":"Prophylactic stabilization for bone metastases, myeloma, or lymphoma: do we need to protect the entire bone?","volume":"471","author":"Alvi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr45-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20110228-12","article-title":"Intramedullary nails for long bone metastases: why do they fail?","volume":"34","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr46-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B8.26194","article-title":"Fixation of pathological humeral fractures by the cemented plate technique","author":"Weiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr47-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.08.015","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pathologic fractures of humerus","volume":"41","author":"Piccioli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr48-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2001.11.6.11","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of spinal metastases: an overview","volume":"11","author":"Jacobs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr49-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.20.8983","article-title":"Future of cancer incidence in the United States: burdens upon an aging, changing nation","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr50-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1221","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e16ae2","article-title":"A novel classification system for spinal instability in neoplastic disease: an evidence-based approach and expert consensus from the Spine Oncology Study Group","volume":"35","author":"Fisher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr51-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.34.3897","article-title":"Spinal instability neoplastic score: an analysis of reliability and validity from the spine oncology study group","volume":"29","author":"Fourney","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr52-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.12269","article-title":"Reliability of the spinal instability neoplastic scale among radiologists: an assessment of instability secondary to spinal metastases","volume":"203","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr53-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-9-69","article-title":"Reliability of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) among radiation oncologists: an assessment of instability secondary to spinal metastases","volume":"9","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr54-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.044","article-title":"The Spine Instability Neoplastic Score: an independent reliability and reproducibility analysis","volume":"14","author":"Campos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr55-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2013(02)OA15","article-title":"Interobserver agreement for the spine instability neoplastic score varies according to the experience of the evaluator","volume":"68","author":"Teixeira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr56-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.10.006","article-title":"Spine Instability Neoplastic Score: agreement across different medical and surgical specialties","volume":"16","author":"Arana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr57-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.28999.sml","article-title":"ACR Appropriateness Criteria\u00ae Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression and Recurrent Spinal Metastasis","volume":"18","author":"Lo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr58-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-201310160-00011","article-title":"Contemporary management of metastatic bone disease: tips and tools of the trade for general practitioners","volume":"95","author":"Quinn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr59-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2012-0293","article-title":"The NOMS framework: approach to the treatment of spinal metastatic tumors","volume":"18","author":"Laufer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr60-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1375560","article-title":"Incorporating the Spine Instability Neoplastic Score into a treatment strategy for spinal metastasis: LMNOP","volume":"4","author":"Ivanishvili","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr61-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.03.043","article-title":"Spinal instability as defined by the spinal instability neoplastic score is associated with radiotherapy failure in metastatic spinal disease","volume":"14","author":"Huisman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr62-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.06.006","article-title":"Adverse outcomes after palliative radiation therapy for uncomplicated spine metastases: role of spinal instability and single-fraction radiation therapy","volume":"93","author":"Lam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr63-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1990-z","article-title":"Can the spinal instability neoplastic score prior to spinal radiosurgery predict compression fractures following stereotactic spinal radiosurgery for metastatic spinal tumor?: a post hoc analysis of prospective phase II single-institution trials","volume":"126","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr64-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.SPINE13895","article-title":"Spine stereotactic body radiotherapy for renal cell cancer spinal metastases: analysis of outcomes and risk of vertebral compression fracture","volume":"21","author":"Thibault","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr65-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3426","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.1411","article-title":"Vertebral compression fracture after spine stereotactic body radiotherapy: a multi-institutional analysis with a focus on radiation dose and the spinal instability neoplastic score","volume":"31","author":"Sahgal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr66-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E155","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001192","article-title":"Predictive value of six prognostic scoring systems for spinal bone metastases: an analysis based on 1379 patients","volume":"41","author":"Bollen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr67-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not318","article-title":"Prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with symptomatic spinal bone metastases: a retrospective cohort study of 1,043 patients","volume":"16","author":"Bollen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr68-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000907","article-title":"Prediction of quality of life and survival after surgery for symptomatic spinal metastases: a multicenter cohort study to determine suitability for surgical treatment","volume":"77","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr69-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.1497","article-title":"Characteristics of patients who survived &lt; 3 months or &gt; 2 years after surgery for spinal metastases: can we avoid inappropriate patient selection?","volume":"34","author":"Verlaan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr70-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S224","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001827","article-title":"Predicting neurologic recovery after surgery in patients with deficits secondary to MESCC: systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Laufer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr71-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b8b6f5","article-title":"Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for metastatic spine disease: what are the options, indications, and outcomes?","volume":"34","author":"Gerszten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr72-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S238","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001823","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases: what are the risks and how do we minimize them?","volume":"41","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2026070711193808500_bibr73-2058-5241.2.170006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S246","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001824","article-title":"When less is more: the indications for MIS techniques and separation surgery in metastatic spine disease","volume":"41","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"}],"container-title":["EFORT Open Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.1302\/2058-5241.2.170006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1302\/2058-5241.2.170006","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eor\/article-pdf\/2\/9\/372\/15699\/2058-5241.2.170006.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eor\/article-pdf\/2\/9\/372\/15699\/2058-5241.2.170006.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:55:13Z","timestamp":1783439713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eor\/article\/2\/9\/372\/2041\/Diagnostic-algorithm-prognostic-factors-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.2.170006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2058-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2058-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}}}