{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T07:19:31Z","timestamp":1794467971736,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2600,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fractures of the proximal ulna range from simple olecranon fractures to complex Monteggia fractures or Monteggia-like lesions involving damage to stabilizing key structures of the elbow (i.e. coronoid process, radial head, collateral ligament complex). In complex fracture patterns a computerized tomography scan is essential to properly assess the injury severity. Exact preoperative planning for the surgical approach is vital to adequately address all fracture parts (base coronoid fragments first). The management of olecranon fractures primarily comprises tension-band wiring in simple fractures as a valid treatment option, but modern plate techniques, especially in comminuted or osteoporotic fracture types, can reduce implant failure and potential implant-related soft tissue irritation. For Monteggia injuries, the accurate anatomical restoration of ulnar alignment and dimensions is crucial to adjust the radiocapitellar joint. Caution is advised if the anteromedial facet (anatomical insertion of the medial collateral ligament) of the coronoid process is affected, to avoid posteromedial instability. Radial head reconstruction or replacement is essential in Monteggia-like lesions to restore normal elbow function. The postoperative rehabilitation programme should involve active elbow motion exercises without limitations as early as possible following surgery to avoid joint stiffness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:1-9. DOI: 10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180022.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T11:44:29Z","timestamp":1546861469000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Fractures of the proximal ulna: current concepts in surgical management"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Siebenlist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl F.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr1-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2208-7","article-title":"Tension band wiring in olecranon fractures: the myth of technical simplicity and osteosynthetical perfection","volume":"38","author":"Schneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr2-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.08.008","article-title":"Comminuted fractures of the proximal ulna: preliminary results with an anatomically preshaped locking compression plate (LCP) system","volume":"41","author":"Siebenlist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr3-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.10.017","article-title":"The epidemiology of fractures of the proximal ulna","volume":"43","author":"Duckworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr4-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.12.022","article-title":"Proximal ulna fractures","volume":"34","author":"Sahajpal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr5-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000036","article-title":"Complex elbow instability: surgical management of elbow fracture dislocations","volume":"1","author":"Sanchez-Sotelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr6-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(02)86803-3","article-title":"The proximal ulna: an anatomic study with relevance to olecranon osteotomy and fracture fixation","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr7-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-016-3332-z","article-title":"[The bare area of the proximal ulna: an anatomical study on optimizing olecranon osteotomy]","volume":"45","author":"Hackl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop\u00e4de"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr8-2058-5241.4.180022","first-page":"267","article-title":"Fracture of the anteromedial facet of the coronoid process: surgical technique","volume":"89","author":"Ring","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr9-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.08.020","article-title":"Fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna","volume":"31","author":"Ring","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr10-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.12.016","article-title":"Reconstruction of the coronoid process using a fragment of discarded radial head","volume":"37","author":"Ring","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr11-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000326","article-title":"Coronoid fractures","volume":"29","author":"Ring","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr12-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B6.18975","article-title":"The influence of lateral and anterior angulation of the proximal ulna on the treatment of a Monteggia fracture: an anatomical cadaver study","volume":"89","author":"Grechenig","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr13-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.07.005","article-title":"The proximal ulna dorsal angulation: a radiographic study","volume":"19","author":"Rouleau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr14-2058-5241.4.180022","first-page":"727","article-title":"[Isolated fractures of the olecranon]","volume":"111","author":"Holzl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr15-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.12.002","article-title":"Olecranon fractures in adults: factors influencing outcome","volume":"35","author":"Rommens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr16-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(15)70006-9","article-title":"Proximal ulnar fractures in adults: a review of 163 cases","volume":"46","author":"Nieto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr17-2058-5241.4.180022","first-page":"175","article-title":"Current concepts in the treatment of fractures of the radial head, the olecranon, and the coronoid","volume":"44","author":"Morrey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr18-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200305000-00010","article-title":"Cyclic loading of olecranon fracture fixation constructs","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr19-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-015-2703-0","article-title":"Olecranon tension plating or olecranon tension band wiring? A comparative biomechanical study","volume":"39","author":"Gruszka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr20-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-015-0184-7","article-title":"Malpositioned olecranon fracture tension-band wiring results in proximal radioulnar synostosis","volume":"20","author":"Willinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr21-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-017-2760-5","article-title":"Is the novel olecranon tension plate a valid alternative to tension band wiring of olecranon fractures? A biomechanical study on cadaver bones","volume":"137","author":"Gruszka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr22-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.09.025","article-title":"Critical analysis of olecranon fracture management by pre-contoured locking plates","volume":"101","author":"Niglis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr23-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.11.023","article-title":"Results of open reduction and plate osteosynthesis in comminuted fracture of the olecranon","volume":"20","author":"Erturer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr24-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-014-0296-1","article-title":"[Double-plate osteosynthesis of the proximal ulna]","volume":"27","author":"Ries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr25-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.05.014","article-title":"Plate osteosynthesis of proximal ulna fractures: a biomechanical micromotion analysis","volume":"42","author":"Hackl","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr26-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-785220162401152249","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment of Monteggia lesion in adults: series of 44 cases","volume":"24","author":"Suarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr27-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196701000-00008","article-title":"The Monteggia lesion","volume":"50","author":"Bado","year":"1967","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr28-2058-5241.4.180022","first-page":"22","article-title":"Standard surgical protocol to treat elbow dislocations with radial head and coronoid fractures: surgical technique","volume":"87","author":"McKee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr29-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.06.003","article-title":"Complex fracture-dislocations of the proximal ulna and radius in adults: a comprehensive classification","volume":"20","author":"Giannicola","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr30-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199711000-00001","article-title":"Transolecranon fracture-dislocation of the elbow","volume":"11","author":"Ring","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr31-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456080-00003","article-title":"Monteggia fractures","volume":"56","author":"Bruce","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr32-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-008-1535-4","article-title":"[Dislocation fractures of the forearm. Galeazzi, Monteggia, and Essex-Lopresti injuries]","volume":"111","author":"Lendemans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr33-2058-5241.4.180022","volume-title":"Shoulder and elbow trauma and its complications","author":"Greiwe","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr34-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199112000-00003","article-title":"The posterior Monteggia lesion","volume":"5","author":"Jupiter","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr35-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-012-0187-2","article-title":"Management of bilateral complex fracture-dislocation of proximal ulna and radius: a case report","volume":"96","author":"Giannicola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr36-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-014-1340-4","article-title":"Redefining the proximal ulna anatomy","volume":"36","author":"Beser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr37-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20431","article-title":"Radiographic measurements of normal elbows: clinical relevance to olecranon fractures","volume":"20","author":"Wadia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr38-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000112","article-title":"The Boyd Interval: a modification for use in the management of elbow trauma","volume":"20","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr39-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B1.26530","article-title":"The contribution of the coronoid and radial head to the stability of the elbow","volume":"94","author":"Jeon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr40-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-004-0825-8","article-title":"[Monteggia injuries in adults: Critical analysis of injury pattern, management, and results]","volume":"107","author":"Korner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr41-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.05.010","article-title":"Reconstruction of Monteggia-like proximal ulna fractures using different fixation devices: a biomechanical study","volume":"47","author":"Wegmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr42-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200001000-00005","article-title":"Classification and evaluation of recurrent instability of the elbow","volume":"370","author":"O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr43-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B1.15096","article-title":"Ligamentous repair and reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow","volume":"87","author":"Sanchez-Sotelo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr44-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.09.029","article-title":"Concomitant injury of the annular ligament in fractures of the coronoid process and the supinator crest","volume":"26","author":"Leschinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr45-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13060","article-title":"Radial head replacement or repair for the terrible triad of the elbow: which procedure is better?","volume":"85","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr46-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-014-1407-2","article-title":"Do the radial head prosthesis components fit with the anatomical structures of the proximal radioulnar joint?","volume":"37","author":"Wegmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr47-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.09.034","article-title":"The epidemiology of radial head and neck fractures","volume":"37","author":"Duckworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr48-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2015.06.003","article-title":"Fractures of the radial head","volume":"31","author":"Burkhart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr49-2058-5241.4.180022","first-page":"123","article-title":"Some observations on fractures of the head of the radius with a review of one hundred cases","volume":"42","author":"Mason","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr50-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-017-2693-z","article-title":"Using an anatomically preshaped low-profile locking plate system leads to reliable results in comminuted radial head fractures","volume":"137","author":"Cronlein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr51-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.03.010","article-title":"Is an extension of the safe zone possible without jeopardizing the proximal radioulnar joint when performing a radial head plate osteosynthesis?","volume":"24","author":"Ries","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr52-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.10.013","article-title":"A new method to locate the radial head \u2018safe zone\u2019 on computed tomography axial views","volume":"104","author":"Zhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr53-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B12.34091","article-title":"Heterotopic ossification after surgery for distal humeral fractures","author":"Foruria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr54-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2012-z","article-title":"The impact of varus angulation on proximal fractures of the ulna","volume":"19","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr55-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.08.029","article-title":"Impact of olecranon fracture malunion: study on the importance of PUDA (proximal ulna dorsal angulation)","volume":"47","author":"Chapleau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr56-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.07.004","article-title":"Three-dimensional morphometry of the proximal ulna: a comparison to currently used anatomically preshaped ulna plates","volume":"21","author":"Puchwein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr57-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-014-1287-5","article-title":"Proximal ulna morphometry: which are the \u2018true\u2019 anatomical preshaped olecranon plates?","volume":"36","author":"Totlis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr58-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.99B7.BJJ-2016-1112.R2","article-title":"Prospective randomised trial of non-operative versus operative management of olecranon fractures in the elderly","author":"Duckworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr59-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318214e64c","article-title":"An off-loading triceps suture for augmentation of plate fixation in comminuted osteoporotic fractures of the olecranon","volume":"26","author":"Izzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr60-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.07.009","article-title":"Interobserver reliability of coronoid fracture classification: two-dimensional versus three-dimensional computed tomography","volume":"34","author":"Lindenhovius","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr61-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01673","article-title":"Fixation of the coronoid process in elbow fracture-dislocations","volume":"93","author":"Garrigues","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr62-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-016-0465-z","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tension band wiring versus plate fixation in olecranon fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr63-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0b013e31822911fd","article-title":"Rehabilitation considerations in the management of terrible triad injury to the elbow","volume":"15","author":"Pipicelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr64-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2012.03.003","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of the radiographic \u2018drop sign\u2019 following elbow dislocation","volume":"25","author":"Pipicelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr65-2058-5241.4.180022","first-page":"229","article-title":"Olecranon fractures: a clinical and radiographic comparison of tension band wiring and plate fixation","volume":"8","author":"Hume","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr66-2058-5241.4.180022","first-page":"106","article-title":"Comparison of tension band wiring and precontoured locking compression plate fixation in mayo type IIA olecranon fractures","volume":"80","author":"Schliemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr67-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.M.00049","article-title":"Treatment of monteggia and transolecranon fracture-dislocations of the elbow: a critical analysis review","volume":"2","author":"Scolaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr68-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153070-00022","article-title":"Nerve injuries complicating Monteggia lesions","volume":"53","author":"Stein","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr69-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B3.18199","article-title":"Monteggia fractures in adults: long-term results and prognostic factors","volume":"89","author":"Konrad","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2026070711231726000_bibr70-2058-5241.4.180022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00773","article-title":"Plate versus tension-band wire fixation for olecranon fractures: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"99","author":"Duckworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["EFORT Open Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180022","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/online.boneandjoint.org.uk\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180022","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eor\/article-pdf\/4\/1\/1\/16281\/2058-5241.4.180022.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eor\/article-pdf\/4\/1\/1\/16281\/2058-5241.4.180022.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:59:34Z","timestamp":1783439974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eor\/article\/4\/1\/1\/2118\/Fractures-of-the-proximal-ulna-current-concepts-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2058-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2058-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]}}}