{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T13:19:36Z","timestamp":1794057576250,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2053,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pertrochanteric hip fractures are among the most common and the use of short cephalomedullary nails as the treatment of choice is increasing. A systematic review regarding distal locking options for short cephalomedullary nails was undertaken using Medline\/PubMed\u00ae, Embase\u00ae and Cochrane Library\u00ae in order to evaluate current indications, associated complications and to provide treatment recommendations. The results seem to support the use of distal static locking for unstable fractures, dynamic locking for length stable\/rotational unstable fractures and no locking for stable fractures. Complications associated with distal locking include iatrogenic fractures, thigh pain, delayed union and nonunion, implant failure, screw loosening and breaking, drill bit breaking, soft tissue irritation, femoral artery branch injury, intramuscular haematoma and compartment syndrome. It is also associated with longer operative time and radiation exposure. In unlocked constructs, dorsomedial comminution and nail\/medullary canal mismatch contribute to peri-implant fractures. Anterior cortical impingement is associated with cut-out and nonunion. Most studies comparing distally locked and unlocked nails report a short follow-up. Distal locking mode should be based on the fracture\u2019s stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:421-429. DOI: 10.1302\/2058-5241.5.190045<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.5.190045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T04:26:41Z","timestamp":1593577601000},"page":"421-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Distal interlocking for short trochanteric nails: static, dynamic or no locking? Review of the literature and decision algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4793-8832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexei","family":"Buruian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira Da Foz, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Silva Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira Da Foz, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Roseiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira Da Foz, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira Da Foz, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira Da Foz, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Sei\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira Da Foz, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira Da Foz, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira Da Foz, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070711305043400_bibr1-2058-5241.5.190045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v10.i3.166","article-title":"Changing trends in the mortality rate at 1-year post hip fracture: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Downey","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"2026070711305043400_bibr2-2058-5241.5.190045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2276-3","article-title":"Epidemiology, treatment and mortality of trochanteric and subtrochanteric hip fractures: data from the Swedish fracture register","volume":"19","author":"Mattisson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2026070711305043400_bibr3-2058-5241.5.190045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20151222-11","article-title":"Complications after hip nailing for fractures","volume":"39","author":"Mavrogenis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2026070711305043400_bibr4-2058-5241.5.190045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001063","article-title":"Fracture and dislocation classification compendium-2018","volume":"32","author":"Meinberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2026070711305043400_bibr5-2058-5241.5.190045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.99B1.BJJ-2016-0134.R1","article-title":"Implant options for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip: rationale, evidence, and recommendations","volume":"99-B","author":"Socci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"2026070711305043400_bibr6-2058-5241.5.190045","first-page":"2076","article-title":"Intertrochanteric fractures of the hip","volume-title":"Rockwood and Green\u2019s fractures in adults","author":"Russell","edition":"Eighth ed"},{"key":"2026070711305043400_bibr7-2058-5241.5.190045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.83.2","article-title":"Conservative treatment for fracture of the proximal femur with complications","volume":"83","author":"Kawaji","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch"},{"key":"2026070711305043400_bibr8-2058-5241.5.190045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2017.05.042","article-title":"Intramedullary nails versus sliding hip screws for AO\/OTA 31-A2 trochanteric fractures in adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2026070711305043400_bibr9-2058-5241.5.190045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000187","article-title":"Unstable pertrochanteric femoral fractures","volume":"28","author":"Kregor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2026070711305043400_bibr10-2058-5241.5.190045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.07.038","article-title":"Is distal locking with short intramedullary nails necessary in stable pertrochanteric fractures? 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