{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:15:41Z","timestamp":1783444541207,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1718,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most meta-diaphyseal femoral fractures that are treated with intramedullary nailing can be reduced satisfactorily by skeletal traction without \u2018opening\u2019 the fracture site and therefore, complications such as nonunion, infection and wound healing problems are reduced. In cases where adequate fracture reduction cannot be achieved by skeletal traction, \u2018reduction aids\u2019 have been used during the operative procedure in order to avoid the exposure of the fracture site. The \u2018blocking\u2019 screw, as a reduction tool, was proposed initially for the \u2018difficult\u2019 metaphyseal fractures of the tibia. Subsequently, surgeons have tried to implement the \u2018blocking\u2019 screw technique in \u2018difficult\u2019 distal femoral fractures. This article presents the \u2018blocking\u2019 screw technique as an adjunctive process in the management of fractures of the proximal and distal femur which are found to be non-reducible by skeletal traction alone. The minimal invasiveness of the technique contributes greatly to the preservation of both the soft tissue integrity and the fracture haematoma and thus reduces the major complications that can occur by exposing the fracture site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:451-458. DOI: 10.1302\/2058-5241.6.210024<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.6.210024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T04:45:20Z","timestamp":1624855520000},"page":"451-458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The use of \u2018blocking\u2019 screws for the \u2018closed\u2019 reduction of difficult proximal and distal femoral fractures"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Christos","family":"Garnavos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Orthopaedic and Trauma Department, \u2018Evangelismos\u2019 General Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070711325912900_bibr1-2058-5241.6.210024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199506000-00008","article-title":"Proximal third 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