{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:52:32Z","timestamp":1790837552841,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1565,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fractures of the femoral head are rare injuries, which typically occur after posterior hip dislocation. The Pipkin classification, developed in 1957, is the most commonly used classification scheme to date. The injury is mostly caused by high-energy trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls from a significant height. Emergency treatment consists of urgent closed reduction of the hip joint, followed by non-operative or operative treatment of the femoral head fracture and any associated injuries. There is an ongoing controversy about the suitable surgical approach (anterior vs. posterior) for addressing fractures of the femoral head. Fracture location, degree of displacement, joint congruity and the presence of loose fragments, as well as concomitant injuries are crucial factors in choosing the adequate surgical approach. Long-term complications such as osteonecrosis of the femoral head, posttraumatic osteoarthritis and heterotopic ossification can lead to a relatively poor functional outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:1122-1131. DOI: 10.1302\/2058-5241.6.210034<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.6.210034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T07:40:07Z","timestamp":1637307607000},"page":"1122-1131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Fractures of the femoral head: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Maximilian M.","family":"Menger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt J.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven C.","family":"Herath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus A.","family":"K\u00fcper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika F.","family":"Rollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Histing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070711343842900_bibr1-2058-5241.6.210034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870020-00011","article-title":"Traumatic posterior fracture-dislocation of the hip with fracture of the femoral head or neck, or both","volume":"70-A","author":"Hougaard","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2026070711343842900_bibr2-2058-5241.6.210034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198003000-00018","article-title":"Femoral head fractures associated with posterior hip dislocation","volume":"147","author":"Roeder","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711343842900_bibr3-2058-5241.6.210034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198512000-00002","article-title":"Posterior fracture dislocation of the hip with fractures of the femoral head","volume":"201","author":"Epstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026070711343842900_bibr4-2058-5241.6.210034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31803df21f","article-title":"Description of a dislocation of the head of the femur, complicated with its fracture; 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