{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:45:43Z","timestamp":1791499543703,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Royal College of Surgeons of England","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["annals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preputial problems are a common reason for referral to the paediatric surgical out-patient department. Many boys referred do not need surgical intervention. One indication for intervention is balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO), a potentially serious condition previously considered rare in childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive boys referred to a paediatric general surgical out-patient department with problems relating to their prepuce during a period of 4 years were included. The out-patient diagnosis and management was recorded. All foreskins excised were sent for histological analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 422 boys were referred, median age 6 years 2 months (range, 3 months to 16 years). Over half the boys referred simply required re-assurance that all was normal with their penis. However, 186 boys (44.1%) were listed for surgical procedures \u2013 148 circumcision, 33 preputial adhesiolysis, and 5 frenuloplasty. There were histological abnormalities in 110 specimens (84.8%); chronic inflammation (n = 69; 46.6%), BXO (n = 51; 34.5%), and fibrosis(n = 4; 2.7%). Nineteen (12.8%) specimens were reported as histologically normal. The overall prevalence of BXO in the boys referred was 12.1%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this series, the percentage of boys circumcised and the prevalence of BXO were both higher than in other published series. BXO may be more common and present at a younger age than previously thought.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1308\/003588407x160828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,23]],"date-time":"2007-01-23T18:29:19Z","timestamp":1169576959000},"page":"62-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Paediatric Preputial Pathology: Are we Circumcising Enough?"],"prefix":"10.1308","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"IE","family":"Yardley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Derriford Hospital Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Cosgrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Derriford Hospital Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AW","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Derriford Hospital Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"171","reference":[{"key":"b1","volume-title":"Hospital Episode Statistics 2003\u20132004","author":"Department of Health","year":"2005"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689208501105","volume":"85","author":"Griffiths D","year":"1992","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"b3","first-page":"128","volume":"141","author":"Scheon EJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"b4","author":"Dalton JD","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"b5","volume-title":"Statement on Male Circumcision [Press release]","author":"The Royal College of Surgeons of England","year":"2001"},{"key":"b6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1941.01500040002001"},{"key":"b7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32638-1"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65494-6"},{"key":"b9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7058.692"},{"key":"b10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2000.00772.x"},{"key":"b11","volume-title":"Clinical Paediatric Nephrology","author":"Dickson AP","year":"1994","edition":"2"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.96.9.449"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6869.28"},{"key":"b14","first-page":"275","volume":"71","author":"Rickwood AMK","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"b15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800841220"},{"key":"b16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4642.1433"},{"key":"b17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200301000-00004"}],"container-title":["The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publishing.rcseng.ac.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.1308\/003588407X160828","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T05:54:48Z","timestamp":1684130088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publishing.rcseng.ac.uk\/doi\/10.1308\/003588407X160828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1308\/003588407X160828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1308\/003588407x160828","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-8843","1478-7083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-8843","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-7083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}}}