{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:07:47Z","timestamp":1747195667907,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Royal College of Surgeons of England","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["annals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p> Men with gynaecomastia are routinely referred to breast clinics, yet most do not require breast surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a novel point-of-care gynaecomastia decision infographic in primary care on the assessment, management and referral practices to tertiary breast surgical services. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> A study was carried out of male patient referrals from primary care in Greater Manchester to a tertiary breast centre between January and March in 2018\u20132020. Referral patterns were compared before and after the infographic went live in general practices in Greater Manchester in January 2020. Data were collected for gynaecomastia referrals, including aetiology, investigation and management. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> In total, 394 men were referred to a tertiary breast centre from 163 general practices, of which 271 (68.8%) had a diagnosis of gynaecomastia. Use of the decision infographic by primary healthcare providers was associated with a decrease in male breast referrals with gynaecomastia (79.6% to 62.0%). Fewer gynaecomastia patients were referred with a benign physiological or drug-related cause after implementation of the infographic (52.2% vs 41.8%). Only 10 (3.7%) patients with gynaecomastia underwent breast surgery during the study period. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> Implementation of a gynaecomastia infographic in primary care in Manchester was associated with a reduction in gynaecomastia referrals to secondary care. We hypothesise that implementation of the infographic into primary care nationally may potentially translate to hundreds of patients receiving more specialty-appropriate referrals, improving overall management of gynaecomastia. Further study is warranted to test this hypothesis. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2021.0149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T10:18:36Z","timestamp":1684145916000},"page":"174-180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing the impact of a gynaecomastia assessment and treatment infographic in primary care in Greater Manchester"],"prefix":"10.1308","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"HL","family":"Bromley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Dave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Johns Medical Centre, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northenden Group Practice, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7264-6201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK"},{"name":"University of Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"171","reference":[{"key":"C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4833"},{"key":"C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.139"},{"key":"C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp070677"},{"key":"C4","first-page":"716","volume":"85","author":"Dickson G","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2015.03.024"},{"volume-title":"Summary Statement on the Investigation and Management of Gynaecomastia in Primary & Secondary Care","year":"2019","author":"Association of Breast Surgery","key":"C6"},{"key":"C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2005.04.007"},{"key":"C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2003.10.005"},{"key":"C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-1433.2002.02584.x"},{"key":"C10","first-page":"878","volume":"53","author":"Faulkner A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"C11","volume":"12","author":"Fowell AJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4338\/ACI-2016-04-RA-0068"},{"key":"C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.0135"},{"key":"C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2359"},{"key":"C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020255"},{"key":"C16","unstructured":"The Nickwick Papers. 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