{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T02:28:58Z","timestamp":1777170538087,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Royal College of Surgeons of England","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["annals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p> Simulation training can develop surgical procedural skills in a safe environment. Able to offer high-intensity exposure, simulation is increasingly important as working time for surgeons becomes more protected. Materials used in simulated tendon repair play a critical role in the fidelity and face validity of the model. Although organic materials like porcine tendon are commonly used, non-organic materials offer advantages such as accessibility, reproducibility, cost-effectiveness and ease of use without the need for special licences or facilities. This study aims to establish the face, content and concurrent validity of using a novel silicone material in a simulated tendon repair model. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Three tendon models, bathroom silicone sealant, DragonSkin<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> silicone and organic porcine tendons, were evaluated for concurrent validity through mechanical load to failure testing. Face and content validity were assessed, following participant repair of a DragonSkin<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> tendon, using a 5-point Likert scale for five clinically relevant parameters. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Significant differences in load to failure were observed among bathroom sealant, DragonSkin<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> and porcine tendon (11.1N, 31.7N and 56.2N; p &lt; 0.001). Participant feedback on the DragonSkin<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> tendon indicated that it was suitably representative, easy to use and useful for training (agreement rates 58%, 75% and 83%, respectively). However, participants noted that the model did not handle or glide like human tendon (both 8% agreement). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> DragonSkin<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> silicone is an adaptable and valid material for simulated tendon repair models. It is low cost, widely available and shows promise as a training tool. Future research will focus on exploring its effectiveness in training settings. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2024.0064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T15:12:49Z","timestamp":1727190769000},"page":"364-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Validation of a novel simulated tendon model for core suture tendon repair"],"prefix":"10.1308","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Western","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PG","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Howgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"171","reference":[{"key":"C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/147363514X14042954769474"},{"key":"C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1102\/2051-7726.2019.0001"},{"key":"C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193421994470"},{"key":"C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1472754"},{"key":"C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002956"},{"key":"C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193413520281"},{"key":"C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2015.11.003"},{"key":"C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218957706001856"},{"key":"C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-009-9184-9"},{"key":"C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aronstam E, Overton D. A simulation model for extensor tendon repair. 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